اثر تراکم بوته و آرایش کاشت بر عملکرد ذرت 666

محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي

ناصر شهسواري ¹

1 - . دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد رشته کشاورزی ـ زراعت خوی،ایران ،واحد خوی ـ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی.

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/05/05 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/11/02 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/03/10

کلید واژه: آرایش کاشت, تراکم, ذرت, عملکرد دانه,

چکیده مقاله :

تغییر در سایه اندازی گیاهی برای ایجاد شرایطی که بوته‌ها بتوانند حداکثر تابش را جذب کنند، یکی از مهم ترین راهکارها در جهت افزایش عملکرد در گیاهان زراعی است. برای این منظور، آزمایشی در سال 1390 در مزرعه ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوی انجام گرفت. این آزمایش به صورت کرت های خرد شده (اسپیلت پلات) بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاصله ردیف های کاشت به اندازه های 50 و60 سانتی متر به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و تلفیق آرایش های کاشت زیگزاگ و مستطیلی با تراکم های 70، 80 و90هزار بوته در هکتاربه عنوان فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که فاکتور اصلی برهیچ کدام از صفات مورد بررسی تاثیر معنی داری نداشت. اما بررسی نتایج حاکی از آن بود که فاکتور فرعی تاثیر معنی داری بر وزن خشک بلال، تعداد دانه در ردیف، تعداد دانه در بلال، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه،عملکرد بیولوژیک وشاخص برداشت داشت. به طوری که بیشترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به کشت مستطیلی با تراکم 90 هزار بوته درهکتار به مقدار 12530 کیلو گرم در هکتار حاصل گردید. بر اساس نتایج حاصل اثر متقابل دو فاکتور مورد نظر تاثیر معنی داری بر تعداد دانه در ردیف و تعداد دانه در بلال از خود نشان داد. به طور کلی به نظر می -رسد که آرایش کاشت مستطیلی با تراکم 90 هزار بوته درهکتار، عملکرد دانه بیشتری را برای کشاورز به ارمغان می آورد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Modifying canopy structure to provide conditions in which the canopy crop can absorb better sunlight has been known as important strategy in increasing crop yield. This field study includes an experiment conducted as a split-plot in randomized complete block design with three replications in Khoy research field station in 2011 cropping season. The main plots were two levels of row spacing ( 50 and 60 ) and sub plots were the integration of planting pattern ( zigzag and oblong ) with plant densities ( 70000, 80000 and 90000 plants ha ). Results showed that main plots didn't have any significance on the field study characteristics, but indicated that sub plots had it on dry weight of ear, number of kernel rows, grains per ear, 100 grain weight, grain yield, biologic yield and harvest index. However, the highest grain yield was obtained from planting pattern ( oblong ) and density 90000 plants ( 12530kg. ha ) . Interactive effect of ( planting pattern and density ) with ( level of rows) on number of kernel rows and grain per ear was significant. It seems that planting pattern ( oblong ) and density (90000 plants. Ha ) produces the highest grain yield for the farmer.

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