تنوع فرهنگی، حقوق بشر و رهیافت امنیت بشری
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات میان فرهنگی
1 - استادیار حقوق بین الملل دانشگاه پیام نور
2 - عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه پیام نور (کارشناس ارشد حقوق عمومی)
کلید واژه: حقوق بشر, حقوق فرهنگی, تنوع فرهنگی, حق توسعه, امنیت بشری,
چکیده مقاله :
در دیدگاه تنوع فرهنگی، تمامی ملل و جوامع در سراسر جهان با سوابق فرهنگی، تاریخی و مذهبی گوناگون، هم زمان ضمن تأکید بر مختصات و ویژگی‌های مربوط به خود و با رعایت ارزش‌های فرهنگی و مذهبی خویش، در مفهوم کلان جهان‌شمولی حقوق بشر سهیم هستند. از این رو لازم به تأکید است که استدلال اصلی در مفهوم تنوع فرهنگی به هیچ وجه تقویت سفسطه نسبیت‌گرایی فرهنگی نیست. آنچه اولویت دارد، تقویت گفت‌وگوی بین فرهنگی برای رسیدن به تعاریفی جهان‌شمول از حقوق بشر است، که مقدمه چنین رویکردی نیز، احترام به تنوع فرهنگی است. در این رابطه، تجربه تاریخی نیز پشتوانه لازمی را برای این بحث فراهم می‌کند. فرهنگ‌ها و تمدن‌های بسیاری در طول تاریخ دچار فراز و فرود شده‌اند. تعدادی از آنها رشد کرده، شکوفا شده و سیطره یافته و تعدادی دیگر در سراشیبی زوال قرار گرفته اند.هرچند که در ظاهر، تنوع فرهنگی، حقوق فرهنگی ملت ها، امنیت بشری، توسعه اقتصادی و حقوق بشر، عناصری مجزا و متمایز به نظر می رسند، لکن هر یک دارای ارتباطی بهم تنیده و منسجم با یکدیگر بوده و افول یا توسعه هریک، به طور مستقیم و موثر بر دیگری تاثیرگذار خواهد بود. در این مقاله، تنوع فرهنگی را در ارتباط با حقوق بشر و امنیت بشری بررسی و ارزیابی گردیده است که تا چه میزانی قابلیت همزیستی مسالمت آمیز بین فرهنگهای مختلف در یک کشور، منطقه و نیز صحنه جهانی در چنین نگرشی فراهم می شود. هرچند که هنوز ابهام ها و ایرادهای فراوانی در این ارتباط وجود دارد؛ لکن وضعیت موجود می تواند به عنوان محل ثبات مناسبی، برای تحولات آتی در این حوزه تلقی شود.
In view of the cultural diversity, all nations and societies around the world with their experience in the cultural, historical and religious diversity emphasize on their peculiarities and characteristics and respect their religious and cultural values as well as universal human rights. It should be emphasized that the main argument in the context of cultural diversity does not enhance the cultural relativism sophistry. What is the priority of strengthening intercultural dialogue is to achieve a universal definition of human rights, and the introduction of such an approach is the respect for cultural diversity. In this regard, historical experience provides some support for this argument. Many cultures and civilizations throughout history have been ups and downs. Some of them have grown, flourished and dominated, and some have been in steep decline. Although, cultural diversity, cultural rights, human security, economic development and human rights elements seem separate and distinct apparently, but closely intertwined each connected and integrated with each other and fall or develop any direct the other will be effective and efficient. In this paper, the cultural diversity in relation to human rights and human security has been assessed to what extent the ability of peaceful coexistence between different cultures in one country, the region and the world stage in such a view is provided. However, there is still a lot of ambiguities and objections, but the situation can be described as the perfect consistency, to be considered for future developments in this area.
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