Investigation and Determination of Land Use Effects on Surface Water Quality in Semi-Arid Areas: Case Study on Qarasu River in Iran
محورهای موضوعی : Research paper
Jafar Mohammadi
1
(Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran)
Ebrahim Fataei
2
(Department of environmental Sciences, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran)
Akram Ojaghi
3
(Department of Environmental Sciences, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran)
کلید واژه: Water Quality, Correlation, land use, water resources management,
چکیده مقاله :
Increasing population growth and civilization have caused great impacts on water quality. Among these, changes and excessive exploitation of land use have led to changes in the surface water quality to provide human needs. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of land use on water quality using a spatial-statistical approach. To this end, the water quality data of 22 water quality-sampling stations were applied in the Qarasu watershed in Ardabil in 2013, Iran. Then, spatial analysis was conducted, including land use classification maps, watershed mapping and overlaying maps using GIS. Finally, correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were used to determine the relationship between water quality and land use variables. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed proper percentages of vegetation cover, agricultural lands, woodlands, residential users, barren land and forest as well as weak pastureland have significant correlation with water quality variables. Multiple linear regression analysis with stepwise approach also indicated that of dependent parameters as water quality variables, the parameters of pH, Cl, Ca, Mg, Na and SAR are associated with land use as independent parameters including irrigated agriculture, first-grade pasture, third-grade pasture, woodlands, moorland, forest and residential users. Furthermore, validation of the model based on two models of the survey of predicted and actual values as well as root-mean-square error (RMSE) demonstrated good accuracy of the resulting model.
Ahearn DS, Sheibley RW, Dahlgren RA, Anderson M, Johnson J, Tate KW: Land use/cover influence on water quality in the last free-flowing river draining the western Sierra Nevada, California. Journal of Hydrology.2005:313:234-247.
Amiri BJ, Nakane K: Entire catchment and buffer zone approaches to modeling linkage between river water quality and land cover-A case study of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. Chinese Geographical Science. 2008:18: 85-92.
Amiri BJ, Nakane K: Modeling the linkage between river water quality and landscape metrics in the Chugoku District of Japan. Water resources management. 2009:23: 931-956.
Atkinson S, Johnson D, Venables B, Slye J, Kennedy J, Dyer S, Price B, Ciarlo M, Stanton K, Sanderson H : Use of watershed factors to predict consumer surfactant risk, water quality, and habitat quality in the upper Trinity River, Texas. Science of the Total Environment.2009: 407: 4028-4037.
Carey RO, Migliaccio KW, Li Y, Schaffer B, Kiker GA, Brown MT: Land use disturbance indicators and water quality variability in the Biscayne Bay Watershed, Florida. Ecological Indicators .2011:11: 1093-1104.
Davoudi Moghaddam D, Haghizadeh A, Tahmasebipour N, Zeinivand H. Spatial and Temporal Water Quality Analysis of a Semi-Arid River for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes Using Water Quality Indices and GIS. ECOPERSIA 2021; 9 (2) :79-93
Ding J, Jiang Y, Fu L, Liu Q, Peng Q, Kang M. Impacts of Land Use on Surface Water Quality in a Subtropical River Basin: A Case Study of the Dongjiang River Basin, Southeastern China. Water. 2015; 7(8):4427-4445.
Gleick PH, Cooley H, Katz D, Lee E, Morrison J, Palaniyappan M, et al. The World's Water 2006-2007: the Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources. Pacific institution for studies in development, environment and security; 2007.
Kaste,O. Henriksen,A. Hindar,A.Retention of atmospherically-derived nitrogen in subcatchments of the Bjerkreim river in southwestern Norway. Ambio. 1997: 26: 296–303.
Miller JD, Schoonover JE, Williard KW, Hwang CR. Whole catchment land cover effects on water quality in the Lower Kaskaskia River watershed. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2011:221: 337-350.
Nasir MFM, Samsudin MS, Mohamad I, Awaluddin MRA, Mansor MA, Juahir H, Ramli N. River Water Quality Modeling Using Combined Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR): A Case Study at Klang River, Malaysia. 2011.
Pirali Zefrehei A, Fallah M, Hedayati SA. Spatial‐temporal modeling of qualitative parameters and land use status in Anzali international wetland using GIS technique. Ecopersia. 2019;7(4):223-31.
Salajegheh, A., khalighi, S., Pourebrahim, S., & Beigi, H. (2022). Investigating the trend of temporal and spatial changes in river health using Flow Health (Case Study: Qarasu River). Iranian journal of Ecohydrology, 9(1), 35-46. doi: 10.22059/ije.2022.330043.1555
Seitz NE, Westbrook CJ, Noble BF. Bringing science into river systems cumulative effects assessment practice. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2011:31: 172-179.
Steele M, Aitkenhead-Peterson J. Long-term sodium and chloride surface water exports from the Dallas/Fort Worth region. Science of the Total Environment. 2011:409:3021-3032.
Uriarte M, Yackulic CB, Lim Y, Arce-Nazario JA. Influence of land use on water quality in a tropical landscape: a multi-scale analysis. Landscape ecology. 2011: 26: 1151-1164.
Verma RK, Verma S, Singh A, Tiwary R, Murthy S. Relationship between land use/ land cover patterns and surface water quality in the uper Damodar river basin, JHARKHAND.2010.
Yang X, Jin W. GIS-based spatial regression and prediction of water quality in river networks: A case study in Iowa. Journal of Environmental Management. 2010:91: 1943-1951.
Zampella RA, Procopio NA, Lathrop RG, Dow CL. Relationship of Land‐Use/Land‐Cover Patterns and Surface‐Water Quality in The Mullica River Basin. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 2007: 43: 594-604.
Zhou T, Wu J, Peng S. Assessing the effects of landscape pattern on river water quality at multiple scales: A case study of the Dongjiang River watershed, China. Ecological Indicators. 2012: 23: 166-175.
