New Theory in Environmental Ethics: Truth Centrism or Right Oriented Environmental Ethics
محورهای موضوعی : Research paper
1 - Faculty of Material Engineering & New Technologies, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (SRTTU), Tehran, Iran.
کلید واژه: Environmental ethics, Environmental ethics opinions, New Theory, Truth centrism,
چکیده مقاله :
The theory of “truth centrism in environmental ethics” is a new theory that discusses the human needs and protection of life and nature. This theory holds that all beings have a right in the system of existence. So the attitude and consequences of human morality and behavior with their environment and other beings must be oriented according to the type and proportion of the right position of each of them and the position of human himself. Numerous theories have been proposed in the field of environmental ethics, however, each has its shortcomings and has provoked much criticism about itself. Along these theories, a new theory has been described which, from the theorist's point of view, is a holistic view that encompasses the scope of moral consideration of all universes and creations, including living and non-living. Also, its holistic look is realistic and practical. This theory was proposed in 2014 and in 2020 it received a lot of attention. In this article, this theory is explained and developed so that it can be exposed to the judgment and critical view of experts in order to become more comprehensive.
Attfield, Robin.,(1998), Environmental ethics and intergenerational equity. Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 41:207– 222.
Baxter, William F., (1974. People or Penguins: The case for optimal pollution. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.
Bourdeau, P., (2004), The man-nature relationship and environmental ethics. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 72: 9-15.
Callicott, J. Baird, (1999), Beyond the land ethic: More essays in environmental philosophy. Albany: State Univ. of New York Press.
Callicott, J. Baird, (1986), ‘The Metaphysical Implications of Ecology’, Environmental Ethics Anthropogenic Pollution Journal, Vol 5 (1), 2021: 10-15 14 8(4): 301-316 (1989) In Defense of the Land Ethic: Essays in Environmental Philosophy. Albany: SUNY Press.
Callicott, J. Baird, (1980), Animal liberation: A triangular affair. Environmental Ethics 2:311–338.
Carson, Rachel, (1962), Silent Spring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Cunningham, William P. Cunningham, Mary Ann, (2012), Environmental science: a global concern 12th ed. ISBN 978–0–07–338325–5 GE105.C86 2012,
McGraw-Hill. Devall, Bill, and Sessions, George, (1985), Deep Ecology: Living as if the Earth Really Mattered. Salt Lake City: Peregrine Books.
Devall, Bill, and George Sessions, (2001). Deep ecology: Living as if nature mattered. Layton, UT: Gibbs Smith.
Elliot, Robert, (1992) ‘Intrinsic Value, Environmental Obligation, and Naturalness’, The Monist, 75(2): 138-60.
Franz-Josef, (2015), Verst, Ludger Kampmann, Susanne Eilers,. Die Literaturrundschau. Communicatio Socialis. OCLC 914511982.
Frankena William K., (1963, 1973), Ethics, (2nd ed.). Lockwood, M., (1999), human valuing nature; synthesizing insights from philosophy, psychology, and economics, Environmental values 8,381-401.
Fox, Warwick, (1984), ‘Deep Ecology: A New Philosophy of Our Time?’ The Ecologist, 14(5,6): 194-200 (1990) Toward a Transpersonal Ecology: Developing New Foundations for Environmentalism. Boston: Shambala.
Fox, Warwick, (1995), Towards transpersonal ecology: Developing new foundations for environmentalists. Albany: State Univ. of New York Press.
Goldim, J. R., (2009), Revisiting the beginning of bioethics: The contributions of Fritz Jahr (1927). Perspect Biol Med, Sum, 377–80.
Goodpaster, Kenneth, (1978), ‘On Being Morally Considerable’, Journal of Philosophy, 75(6): 308- 325. Hailwood Simon, (2015), Alienation and Nature in Environmental Philosophy. Cambridge, University Press.
Hailwood, S., (2019), Critical Environmental Philosophy. In K. Becker & I. Thomson (Eds.), The Cambridge History of Philosophy, 1945–2015 (pp. 485-496). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316779651.040
Huckle, (1983), Environmental Education, in Geographical Education: Reflection and Action, oxford: oxford university press.
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy(2021) "Ethics" Random House Unabridged Dictionary: Entry on Axiology. Jamieson, Dale, (2007), ‘When Utilitarians Should be Virtue Ethicists’, Utilitas 19(2): 160-183. Leopold, Aldo, (1987, 1949), A Sand County Almanac and Sketches Here and There. Oxford University Press.
Lolas, Fernando, (2008), "Bioethics and animal research: A personal perspective and a note on the contribution of Fritz Jahr". Biological Research (Santiago). 41 (1): 119–23. doi:10.4067/S0716- 97602008000100013. PMC 2997650. PMID 18769769.
McShane Katie, (2017), “Anthropocentrism vs. Nonanthropocentrism: Why Should We Care?”Environmental Values 16 (2007): 169–185 © 2007 The White Horse Press
McKibben, Bill, (1990,1989), The End of Nature. London: Viking.
Naess, Arne, (1973), ‘The Shallow and the Deep, LongRange Ecology Movement: a Summary’ Inquiry 16: 95-100, (1986) ‘The Deep Ecology Movement: Some Philosophical Aspects’, Philosophical Inquiry 8(1-2): 10-31.
Palmer Clare, McShane Katie, and Sandler Ronald, (2014), “Environmental Ethics” doi:10.1146/annual-environ-121112-094434, Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 2014. 39:419–42.
https://www.annualreviews.org/journal/energy Potter, Van Rensselaer, (1971), Bioethics: Bridge to the future. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. Prentice‐Hall, 1971 (196 pages).
Rolston III (ed.), (2012), Environmental Ethics an Anthology. Malden, MA: Blackwell. 143-153 (2012) A New Environmental Ethics: The Next Millennium for Life on Earth. London: Routledge.
Michael Paul Nelson, Leslie A. Ryan, (2015), Environmental Ethics, LAST modified: 10 March 2015, DOI: 10.1093/OBO/9780199363445-0025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2833495 53
Seyedeh Fatemeh Moezzi, Mansoor Shahvali, Razieh Namdar, (2020), Explanation of Spirituality in Environmental Challenges: The Reflection of Sustainable Development Approaches with Tripple Thinking, Quarterly Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development Vol. 8, No.3, Serial No.31, Spring 2020 (137-152).
Schweitzer, Albert, (1936). The ethics of reverence for life. Christendom 1:225–239. Taylor, Paul (1986) Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics. Princeton University Press
Teymur, N. (1982). Environmental Discourse: A Critical Analysis of "Environmentalism" in Architecture, Planning, Design, Ecology, Social Sciences, and the Media. London: Question Press. Anthropogenic Pollution Journal, Vol 5 (1), 2021: 10-15 15
White, Lynn, Jr., (1967), The historical roots of our ecological crisis. Science 155:1203–1207.
Norton, Bryan G., (1991), Toward unity among environmentalists. New York: Oxford Univ. Press
Wilson, E. O., (2014), The meaning of human existence. W. W. Norton & Co.
Withgott Jay and Marcum Heidi, (2008), Chapter 1, Part 1, Foundations of Environmental Science, Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education.
