اثر عصاره متانولی خارخاسک (Tribulus terrestris) بر عملکرد رشد، ترکیبات شیمیایی بدن و فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانی ماهی کفال خاکستری (Mugil cephalus)
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری
1 - گروه شیلات، دانشکده علوم دریایی، دانشگاه دریانوردی و علوم دریایی چابهار، چابهار، ایران
2 - گروه شیلات، دانشکده علوم دریایی، دانشگاه دریانوردی و علوم دریایی چابهار، چابهار، ایران
کلید واژه: بقاء, شاخص های رشد, عصاره خارخاسک, آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانی, کفال خاکستری,
چکیده مقاله :
در این تحقیق، اثر عصاره متانولی خارخاسک (Tribulus terrestris) در تیمارهای مختلف، گروه شاهد (بدون عصاره گیاه)، 5/0، 1 و 5/1 گرم عصاره خارخاسک در هر کیلوگرم غذا بر عملکرد رشد، ترکیبات شیمیایی بدن و فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانی ماهی کفال خاکستری (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758) در سه تکرار به مدت 60 روز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در هر تکرار 20 قطعه ماهی با میانگین وزنی 43/0 ± 42/8 گرم در مخازن 60 لیتری آب ذخیره سازی شد. در پایان دوره آزمایش، نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت معنی داری در شاخص های رشد (وزن نهایی، درصد افزایش وزن روزانه، نرخ کارایی پروتئین، نرخ رشد ویژه، فاکتور وضعیت) بین تیمارها و شاهد وجود نداشت (05/0<p). افزایش میزان بقاء در تیمار 3 و 4 در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد مشهود بود. میزان پروتئین خام و رطوبت در تیمار4 نسبت به سایر تیمارها افزایش معنی دار داشت (05/0>p). میزان چربی خام در تیمار 3 و 4 کاهش معنی داری نسبت به تیمار 2 و شاهد داشت (05/0>p). فعالیت آنزیم های سوپر اکسیداز دیسموتاز، گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز و کاتلاز در تیمار 4 یشترین افزایش معنی دار را در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد داشته است (05/0>p). همچنین مقدار مالانون دی آلدئید در تمامی تیمارها در مقایسه با شاهد کمتر بوده و در تیمارهای 3 و 4 بیشترین کاهش معنی دار را در مقایسه با شاهد داشته است. لذا با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده، به منظور کاهش اکسیداسیون لیپید و بهبود کیفیت لاشه و بقاء ماهیان، استفاده از 5/1 گرم عصاره متانولی خارخاسک در جیره غذایی ماهی کفال خاکستری توصیه می شود.
In this study, the effect of methanol extract of Tribulus terrestris (MET) in different treatments containing control group (without using plant extract), 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g MET/kg diet on growth performance, body chemical composition and activity of oxidant enzymes of grey mullet Mugil cephalus were investigated in triplicate for 60 days. Twenty water tanks and 20 fish with initial average weight of 8.42 ± 0.43 g were stored per 60 liters. At the end of the experiment, the results showed that there was no significant difference in growth parameters (FW, BWG, PER, SGR and CF), between all treatments and control group (p > 0.05). Increased survival rates were observed in treatments 3 and 4 compared to the control treatment. The crude protein and moisture of treatment 4 significantly increased compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). The crude fat significantly decreased in treatments 3 and 4 compared to control and treatment 2 (p < 0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) enzymes have been increased more significantly in treatment 4 compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the malondialdehyde (MDA) value was lower in all treatments compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). MDA value has been the lowest in treatments 3 and 4 compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). Hence, based on the results, in order to reduce lipid oxidation and improve the carcass duality and survival status of fish, it is recommended to use 15 g methanol extract of Tribulus terrestris/kg diet of grey mullet fish.
1- Ahmed A.H., Abbas A.M., Heba H.I., Amir H.A., 2009. Study the Biological Activities of Tribulus Terrestris Extracts, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(9): 1-3.
2- Akramia R., Gharaeib A., Razeghi Mansourc M., Galeshi A., 2015. Effects of dietary onion (Allium cepa) powder on growth, innateimmune response and hematoebiochemical parameters of beluga (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1754) juvenile. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 45: 828-834.
3-
Antache A., Crister V., Iulia R., Grecu I.R., Ion S.P., Mocanu M.C., 2013. The influence of rosemary sea buckthorn and ginger on oxidative Stress at Oreochromis niloticus Reared in a Recirculating Aquaculture System. Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 70: 110-116.
4- AOAC. 1989. Assosiation of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Official Method Of Analysis Of the Assosiation of Official Analytical Chemists, 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA. 374 pp.
5- Atli G., Canli M., 2010. Response of antioxidante systemof freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus to acute and chronic metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, Fe) exposures. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 73: 1884-1889.
6- Babahajiani P., Shokrollahi B., Gharibkhani M., 2018. The effect of gokshura (Tribulus terrestris) and nettle root (Urtica dioica) extracts on growth rate and sex reversal in convict cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 17(3): 620-628.
7- Baluchnejad Mojarad T., Roghani M., Mafakheri M., 2010. Neuroprotective effect of silymarin in 6-hydroxydopamine hemi-parkinsonian rat: involvement of estrogen receptors and oxidative stress. Neuroscience Letter, 480: 206-210.
8- Bai S.C., Koo J.W., Kim K.W., Kim S.K. 2001. Effects of Chlorella powder as a feed additive on growth performance in juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf). Aquaculture Research, 32: 92-98.
9- Barreto M.S.R., Menten J.F.M., Racanicci A.M.C., Pereira P.W.Z., Rizzo P.V., 2008. Plant extracts used as growth promoters in broilers. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 10: 109-115.
10- Bucci L.R., 2000. Selected herbals and human exercise performance. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(2): 624-636.
11- Çek S., Turan F., Atik E. 2007a. The effects of Gokshura, Tribulus terrestris on sex reversal of guppy, Poecilia reticulata. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 10(5): 718-725.
12- Çek Ş., Turan F., Atik E., 2007b. Masculinization of convict cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum) by immersion in Tribulus terrestris extract. AquacultureInternational, 15(2): 109-119.
13- Chong A.S.C., Hashim R.M., Chow-Tang L., Ali A.B., 2002. Partial characterization and activities of protease from the digestiove tract of discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciata). Aquaculture, 203: 321-331.
14- Citarasu T., 2010. Herbal biomedicines: a new opportunity for aquaculture industry. Aquaculture International, 18(3): 403-414.
15- Dada A.A., 2015. Use of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) leaf powder as feed additive in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 9(1): 301-307.
16- Das K.M., Tripathi S.D., 1991. Studies on the digestive enzymes of grass carp, Ctenopharhyngodan idella. Aquaculture, 92: 21-32.
17- Dimitrina Z., Dankra O., Paraskev N., 2012. Antioxidant activity of Tribulus terrestris a natural product in infertility therapy. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(94): 508-511.
18- Francis G., Lvavi-Sivan B., Avitan A., Becker K., 2002. Effects of long term feeding of Qualia saponins on sex ratio, muscle and serum cholesterol and LH levels in Nile tilapia (Oreochormis niloticus (L.). Comparative Physiolology and Biochemistry, 133: 593-603.
19-
Ghosal I., Mukherjee D., Hancz C., Bhusan S., 2015. Efficacy of Basella alba and Tribulus terrestris extracts for production of monosex Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 5 (8): 152-158.
20- Giboney P., 2005. Mildly elevated liver transaminase levels in the asymptomatic patient. American Family physician, 71(6): 1105 -1110
21- Gültepe N., Acar Ü., Kesbiç O.S., Yılmaz S., Yıldırım Ö., Türker A., 2014. Effects of dietary Tribulus terrestris extract supplementation on growth, feed utilization, hematological, immunological, and biochemical variables of Nile tlapia Oreochromis niloticus. The Journal of Aquaculture Bamidgeh, 66: 1-8.
22- Harikrishnan R., Balasundaram C., Heo M.S., 2010. Herbal supplementation diets on hematology and innate immunity in goldfish against Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 28(2): 354-361.
23- Kavitha P., Subramanian P., 2011. Influence of Tribulus terrestris on testicular enzyme in fresh water ornamental fish Poecilia latipinna. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 37(4): 801-807.
24- Kumar M., Soni K.A., Shukla S., Kumar A., 2006. Chemopreventive potential of Tribulus terrestis against 7, 12 dimethyl benz (a) anthracene induced skin papillomagenesis in mice. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer, 7:289-294.
25- Lawrence R.A., Burk R.F., 1976. Gluthatione peroxidase activity in selenium- deficiency rat liver. Biochemical and Biophysics Research Communications, 71: 952-958.
26- Mahdavi S., Yeganeh S., Firouzbakhsh F., Janikhalili K.H., 2014. Effects of Supplementary Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Essential Oil of Diet on Growth, Survival, Body Composition and Hematological Parameters of Rutilus frisii kutum Fry. Fisheries Science and Technology, 3: 79-90.
27- Sönmez A.Y., Bilen S., Alak G., Hisar O., Yanık T., Biswas G., 2015. Growth performance and antioxidant enzyme activities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles fed diets supplemented with sage, mint and thyme oils. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 41: 165-175.
28- Su B.K., Chen J.C., 2008. Effect of saponin immersion on enhancement of the immune response of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus. Fish andShellfish Immunology, 24: 74–81.
29- Tanno A.P., das Neves V.J., Rosa K.T., Cunha T.S., Giordano F.C., Calil C.M., Guzzoni V., Fernandes T., de Oliveira E.M., Novaes P.D., Irigoyen M.C., Moura M.J., Marcondes F.K., 2011. Nandrolone and resistance training induce heart remodeling: Role of fetal genes and implications for cardiac pathophysiology. Life Science, 89(17-18): 631-637.
30- Turan F., Cek S., 2007. Masculinization of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) treated with gokshura (Tribulus terrestris). The Journal of Aquaculture – Bamidgeh, 59: 224-229.
31- Winterbourn C., Hawkins R., Brian M., Carrell R.W., 1975. Estimation red cell superoxidase dismutase activity. Chinese Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 85 (2): 337-340
32- Yeganeh S., Sotoudeh A., Nosrati A., Movaffagh A., 2017. Effects of Tribulus Terrestris extract on growth and reproductive performance of male convict cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 17: 1003-1007.
33- Yılmaz E., Çek Ş., Mazlum Y., 2013. Effects of synthetic and natural steroids on the growth, sex reversal and gonadal development of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Aquatic Science, 30: 123-131.
_||_