ارزیابی کارایی اسانس کاسنی (‌Cichorium intybus‌) و گزنه (Utrica dioica) در کنترل شپشه آرد (Tribolium castaneum)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری

سپیده دادوند ¹ (گروه گیاه پزشکی، واحد تبریز دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران)
منیژه جمشیدی ² (گروه گیاه پزشکی، واحد تبریز دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/09/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/10/03 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/06/01

کلید واژه: اسانس, سمیت تنفسی, حشره‌کشی, آفت, ترکیبات گیاهی,

چکیده مقاله :

شپشه آرد Tribolium castaneum Herbst یکی از مهمترین آفات غلات، بویژه گندم است و همه ساله با خسارت مستقیم و غیرمستقیم سبب کاهش کمی و کیفی محصول می شود. در این پژوهش اثر سمیت اسانس کاسنی ( L. Cichorium intybus ) و گزنه (Utrica dioica L.) در مدت زمان تیمار 24، 48 و 72 ساعت بر میزان تلفات لارو و حشره کامل شپشه آرد بررسی شد. آزمایشات زیست سنجی در مهرماه 1397 در آزمایشگاه حشره شناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز بر ‌اساس طرح کاملا تصادفی در شرایط دمایی 1±25 درجه سلسیوس و رطوبت نسبی 5±60 درصد انجام گرفت. آزمایش‌ها در 4 تکرار و با تعداد 25 عدد از هر کدام از مراحل زیستی در هر تکرار صورت پذیرفت. بر اساس مقادیر LC50 به دست آمده از تجزیه پروبیت درصد تلفات، کمترین LC50 مربوط به مرحله لارو و با کاربرد کاسنی در72 ساعت پس از تیمار بدست آمد. در پاسخ به اسانس هر دو گیاه ، مقدار LC50 در مرحله لارو کمتر از حشره کامل بود. با افزایش مدت زمان تیمار مقدار LC50 کاهش نشان داد. نتایج خطوط دز- اثر نشان داد حساسیت هر دو مرحله مورد بررسی به اسانس کاسنی مشابه بود. در مورد اسانس گیاه گزنه˓ حشره کامل در غلظت های پایین اسانس حساسیت بیشتری نسبت به مرحله لاروی داشت، با افزایش غلظت اختلاف کمی بین این دو مرحله از نظر حساسیت به اسانس مشاهده شد که نشان دهنده این بود غلظت های بالاتر اسانس اثر مطلوب تری بر میزان مرگ و میر حشرات بالغ در مقایسه با مرحله لاروی داشت. در کل با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده از این بررسی، اسانس کاسنی نسبت به اسانس گزنه سمیت تنفسی بیشتری برای شپشه آرد داشت.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst is one of the most important pests damaging cereals specially wheat and lowering the quality and quantity of the production directly and indirectly each year. This study had done in order to investigate the toxicity effect of two essential oils of Cichorium intybus and Utrica dioica in different treatment duration (24, 48 and 72 hours) on mortality of larval and adult stages of T. castaneum. The experiments were done at entomology laboratory of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz during 2018, based on a complete randomized design in 25 ± 1°C and 60 ± 5 % of humidity. Investigation had done in 4 replications and 25 insects per unit. Based on LC50 value from probit analysis of mortality percent in T. confusum 72 hour after treatment, least LC50 belong to larvae and application of C. intybus essential oil. In response to essential oil of both medicinal plant, least LC50 value observed in larval stage. In this investigation increasing treatment time, decreased LC50 value. Results of line-effects showed that sensitivity of two stage to C. intybus is the same. But adult insect of T. confusum in lower concentration were more sensitive V. dioica essential oil. Also in higher concentrations there were less difference between these two stage to V. dioica essential oil that shows higher concentrations of V. dioica cause more effective death in adults than larval stage.

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