Development of Directly Suspended Droplet Micro Extraction Method for Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water Samples
محورهای موضوعی :
1 - Department of Chemistry, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran
کلید واژه:
چکیده مقاله :
A simple and efficient directly suspended droplet micro extraction in conjunction with gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) has been developed for extraction and determination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from water samples. In this technique a micro drop of 1-dodecanol is delivered to the surface of an aqueous sample while being agitated by a stirring bar in the bulk of solution. Factors relevant to the extraction efficiency were studied and optimized. The optimized extraction conditions were extraction solvent: 1-dodecanol; extraction temperature: 60â—¦C; NaCl concentration: 0.5M; solvent extraction volume: 10 µL; stirring rate: 800rpm and the extraction time: 20 min. The detection limits of the method were in the range of 0.066–1.85 ngL−1, relation standard deviation (n=5) range were 0.102 - 0.964. A good linearity (r 2 ≥0.995) and a relatively broad dynamic linear range (25–2600ng.L−1) were obtained and recoveries of method were in the range of 90.729% - 102.343%. Finally, the proposedmethod was successfully utilized for pre concentration and determination of OCPs in different real samples.We successfully developed a method based on the DSDME technique combined with capillary GC-ECD for the analysis of OCPs in the water samples and compared with the conventional sample preparation method such as LPME.  Â
- Aprea C., Colosio C., Mammone T., Minoia C., Maroni M., 2002. Biological monitoring of pesticide exposure: a review of analytical methods. J Chromatogr B. 769, 191-219.
- Fatoki O.S., Awofolu R.O., 2003. Methods for selective determination of persistent organochlorine pesticide residues in water and sediments by capillary gas chromatography and electron-capture detection. J Chromatogr A. 983, 225-236.
- Tanabe S., Iwata H., Tasukawa R., 1994. Global contamination by persistent organo chlorines and their eco toxicological impact on Marian mammals. Sci Total Environ. 154,163-178.
- Albanis T.A., Hela D.G., Sakellarides T.M., Konstantinou I.K., 1998. Monitoring of pesticide residues and their metabolites in surface and underground waters of Imathia (N. Greece) by means of solid-phase extraction disks and gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 823, 59-71.
- Tomkins B.A., Barnard A.R., 2002. Determination of organochlorine pesticides in ground water using solid-phase microextraction followed by dual-column gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. J Chromatogr A. 964, 21-31.
- Commission of the European Communities, EEC Drinking Water Guideline; 80/799/EEC, EEC No. L229/11-29, EEC, Brussels, (30 August 1980).
- Program Manager Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Record of Decision for the On-Post Operable Unit, Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Commerce City, CO,(1996), Sections 1-11, Version 2.0, vol. 1.
- Rockville M.D., 1990. Book of Lists for Regulated Hazardous Substances, Government institutes,. Taken from Code of Federal Regulations: Protection of the Environment, Appendix IX, US GPO, and Washington, DC, Part 264, Title 40, p. 51.
- Columé A., Cárdenas S., Gallego M., Valcárcel M., 2001. Evaluation of an automated solid-phase extraction system for the enrichment of organochlorine pesticides from waters, Talanta. 54, 943-951.
- Dong C., Zeng Z., Yang M., 2005. Determination of organochlorine pesticides and their derivations in water after HS-SPME, Water Res. 39, 4024.
- Pérez-Trujillo J.P., Frias S., Conde J.E., Rodô riguez-Delgado M.A., 2002. Comparison of different coatings in solid-phase micro extraction for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in ground water. J Chromatogr A. 963, 95-105.
- Ahmed F.E., 2001. Analyses of pesticides and their metabolites in foods and drinks. Trends Anal Chem. 20, 649-661.
- Sarafraz-Yazdi A., Amiri A., 2010. Liquid-phase microextraction. Trends Anal Chem. 29: 1-14.
- Sarafraz-Yazdi A., Mofazzeli F., Es_haghi Z., 2008. Directly Suspended Droplet Three Liquid Phase Microextraction of Diclofenac Prior to LC. Chromatographia. 67, 49.
- Khalili Zanjani M.R., Yamini Y., Shariati Joènsson., 2007. A new liquid-phase microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic drop. Anal Chimica Acta. 585, 286-293.
- Bagheri H., Saber A., Mousavi S.R., 2004. Immersed solvent microextraction of phenol and chlorophenols from water samples followed by gas chromatographyâââmass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 1046, 27-33.
- Psillakis E., Kalogerakis N., 2002. Developments in single-drop micro extraction, Trends Anal Chem. 21, 53-63.
- López-Blanco M.C., Blanco-Cid S., Cancho-Grande B., Simal-Gándara J., 2003. Application of single-drop microextraction and comparison with solid-phase microextraction and solid-phase extraction for the determination of ñ- and ò-endosulfan in water samples by gas chromatographyâââelectron-capture detection. J Chromatogr A. 984, 245-252.
- Khajeh M., Yamini Y., Hassan J., 2006. Trace analysis of chloro benzenes in water samples using headspace solvent micro extraction and gas chromatography/electron capture detection. Talanta. 69, 1088-1094.
- Psillakis E., Kalogerakis N., 2002. Developments in single-drop micro extraction. Trends Anal Chem. 21, 53-63.
- Gorecki T., Pawliszyn J., 1997. The Effect of Sample Volume on Quantitative Analysis by SPME. Part I: Theoretical Considerations. Analyst. 122, 1079âââ1086.
- de Jager L.S., Andrews A.R.J., 2001. Development of a screening method for cocaine and cocaine metabolites in urine using solvent micro extraction in conjunction with gas chromatography. J Chromatogrph A. 911,97-105.
- Zhao L., Lee H.K., 2001. Application of static liquid-phase micro extraction to the analysis of organo chlorine pesticides in water. J Chromatograph A. 919, 381-388.
- Zhang Y., Lee H.K., 2012. Application of ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction based on applying low-density organic solvent for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in water samples. J Chromato A. 1252: 67-73.
- Hadi Farahani, Yadollah Yamini, Shahab Shariati, et al. 2008. Development of liquid phase microextraction method based on solidification of floated organic drop for extraction and preconcentration of organochlorine pesticides in water samples. Anal Chimica Acta. 626(2), 166-173.
- Cai J, Zhu F, Wenhong Ruan., et al. 2013. Determination of organochlorine pesticides in textiles using solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatographyâââmass spectrometry. Microchem J. 110, 280-284.
- Leong M.I., Huang S.D., 2009. Dispersive liquidâââliquid microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic drop for extraction of organochlorine pesticides in water samples. J Chromatogr A. 1216(1), 29-35.
- Cortada C, Vidal L, Tejada S, et al. 2009. Determination of organochlorine pesticides in complex matrices by single-drop microextraction coupled to gas chromatographyâââmass spectrometry. Anal Chimica Acta. 638(1), 29âââ35.