Investigation of heavy metals (Cadmium, Lead) in Chironomidae and Gammarus pulex Namrood River – Tehran Province

محورهای موضوعی :

Rezaei M. Kamali A. and Shapoori M. ¹

1 -

تاریخ دریافت : 1390/11/09 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/08/07 تاریخ انتشار : 1390/11/09

کلید واژه: Cadmium, Lead, Gammarus pulex, Chironomidae, Namrood River,

چکیده مقاله :

Marine ecosystem pollution is one of the important problems of today environment. In this study the existence of heavy metal in the Namrood River, situated in Firoozkooh in Tehran province, Iran has been investigated. The Namrood River is located near Firoozkooh route, and is affected by pollutant from tourist centers, entertainment, gas stations, nearby villages’ sewage systems, farming effluent, and hatchery farms. In some areas, its water is heavily polluted possibly by heavy metals. After selecting two stations in upstream and downstream of the river, they were sampled three times in both cold and hot seasons of year (mid-March, and June) for Chironomidae, and Gammarus plux sediments. The measured heavy metals were cadmium and lead. The results showed that the concentration of cadmium in measured samples varied from 0.010-0.2033 ppm. The concentration of lead in samples varied from 0.11-2.16 ppm. The results also indicated that sediments of samples taken from the upper station in the cold season had a higher proportion of cadmium and a higher concentration of lead  than  sediments in the lower station during the hot season.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Asgarisari, A Ø› 2002. Comparison and measurement
2. of lead and zinc concentration in sea and
3. hatchery fish. Graduate thesis, Islamic Azad
4. University, Faculty of Marine Science and
5. Technologies. P. 71.
6. Atefyekta, AØ› 2004. identification and estimation
7. of Namrood River fish in upper region Trout
8. hatchery of Tehran Ghezel by electro shock
9. device. Under graduate thesis, Islamic Azad
10. University, Tehran North branch. P.83.
11. Boonstra, M., M. Asselman, P. Mass,Ø› R.A.
12. Verweij, Ø› J.A.J Breeuwer, and M.H.S Kraak,
13. Persistence of Chironomids in metal
14. polluted environment .PROC.NETH .
15. ENTOMOL. SOC. MEET. 9-15pp. Netherland.
16. EPA, 2006. Environmental Protection Agency,
17. Method for chemical analysis of water and
18. wastes, Cincinnati , Ohio.
19. Esmaeelisari, A., 2000. essentials of water quality
20. management of hatcheries. Fishery Studies
21. Institution. P. 73.
22. Felten, V., G. Charmantier , R. Mons, A. Geffard,
23. P. Rousselle, M. Coquery, J. Garric, and O.
24. Geffard , 2007. Physiological and behavioural
25. Responses of Gammarus Pulex(
26. Crustacea:Amphiphoda)exposed to cadmium
27. .Aquatic Toxicity journal. 413-425 pp. France.
28. Ghafoori, SØ› 1997. the effects of pollutant on
29. marine life in Chaloos River (emphasized on
30. macrobenitoses). graduate thesis. Faculty of
31. Marine Science and Technology. p. 105.
32. Maccafferty, P. and A. Provonsha, 1981. Aqquati
33. Entomology. The fishers and ecologysts
34. illustrated guide to insect and their relatives.
35. Jones and Bartlett publishers London. ISBN:0-
36. -017-0.448p.
37. Moopam., 1998. Manual of oceanographic
38. observations and pollutant analysis methods.
39. Pennak and W. Robert, 1978. fresh water
40. invertebrates of united state. second edition.
41. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN:0-471-04249-8.
42. XVIII, 803pp.
43. ROPME , 1989. Manual of Oceanographic
44. Observations and Pollutant Analyses Methods,
45. Regional organization for the protection of the
46. marine environment.
47. Soares, H.M.V.M., R. A. R. Boaventura, A. A. S.
48. C. Machado, and J.C.G. Esteves da Silva, 1999.
49. Sediments as monitors of heavy metal
50. contamination in the Ave river
51. basin(Portugal):multivariate analysis of
52. data.Environmental pollution journal .311-
53. pp. Portugal.
54. Solaymani mokhtari, A., 1996. inspection of heavy
55. material measurements in water and sediments
56. of Sepidrood River. Graduate thesis. Islamic
57. Azad University, North branchof Tehran P. 83.
58. Woitke, P. D. Wellmitz, D. Kube, P. Lepom and P.
59. Litheraty, 2003. Analysis and assessment of
60. heavy metal pollution in suspended and
61. sediments of the river Danube. CHEMOSPHER
62. Journal.633-642pp.Germany