مروری بر اهمیت سیلیس در گیاهان " جذب، انتقال و تأثیر آن بر تنش مواد معدنی در شرایط اسیدی"

محورهای موضوعی : یافته های نوین کشاورزی

پیمان زندی ¹ (مؤسسه علوم گیاهی ،آکادمی علوم کشاورزی چین، پکن، جمهوری خلق چین)
سایکات کومار باسو ² (گروه علوم زیستی، دانشگاه لتبریج، لتبریج، کانادا)
ریلیان جینگ ³ (مؤسسه علوم گیاهی ،آکادمی علوم کشاورزی چین، پکن، جمهوری خلق چین)

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/02/08 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/02/08 تاریخ انتشار : 1394/11/01

کلید واژه: سیلیس, ناقلین, محدودیت فسفر, سمیت آلومینیوم و منگنز, اسیدیته خاک,

چکیده مقاله :

سیلیس (Si) به عنوان یک عنصر سودمند برای بسیاری از گونه های گیاهی بویژه در شرایط تنش شناخته شده است. در گذشته تحقیقات زیادی در جهت تعیین مکانیزم های درگیر در جذب و انتقال سیلیس توسط گیاهان آوندی صورت پذیرفته است. تحقیقات گسترده نشان داده اند سیلیس می تواند تنش های معدنی مختلفی را در گیاهان رشد یافته در شرایط اسیدی شامل سمیت منگنز و آلومینیوم به همراه کمبود فسفر کاهش دهد. همچنین در شرایط خاک های قلیایی، سیلیس از طریق رسوب گذاری در آندودرم واگزودرم ریشه گیاهان جذب آپوپلاستی سدیم راکاهش داده و منتج به افزایش نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم (برقراری یک حالت تعادل) و در نهایت کاهش فشار تنش قلیایی می شود. تا به حال 4 ناقل سیلیس شناسایی شده و اطلاعات بسیار اندکی در خصوص واکنش این ناقلین در شرایط تنش موجود می باشد. لذا تحقیقات در این زمینه جهت روشن نمودن ارتباط بین این ناقلین و فواید سیلیس برای گیاهانی که در معرض تنش مواد معدنی قرار گرفته اند لازم و ضروری به نظر می رسد. شواهد و قرائن ارائه شده نشان می دهند فراهمی سیلیس و انباشت بعدی آن بر بافت های گیاهی می تواند به عنوان یک استراتژی جهت ارتقای بهره وری زراعی در خاک های اسیدی بکار گرفته شود. این مقاله یافته های اخیر را در مورد تأثیر جذب و انتقال سیلیس (Si) بر روی تنش معدنی در شرایط اسیدی به طور خلاصه بررسی می کند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Silicon (Si) is widely recognized as an important element for most plant species grown especially under stress situations. Recent research has extensively studied the mechanisms involved in the absorption and transmission of Si in vascular plants and different types of silicon transporters have been discovered. Si has the ability to ameliorate several in-organic stresses under acidic conditions including manganese and aluminum toxicity and phosphorous scarcity. Furthermore, under alkaline conditions, silicate deposits in the root exo- and endodermis result in obstruction of root apoplastic Na+ absorption and maintenance of K+/Na+ balance; thereby significantly improving plant alkalinity tolerance. Four Si carriers namely, LSi1, LSi2, LSi3 and LSi4 have now been identified; although little information is available regarding their responses under stress conditions. Hence, it is important to study the connection between such Si-carriers and the Si proficiency for plants undergoing mineral stress. Evidence presented in the paper indicates that silicon availability and subsequent accumulation on plant tissues can serve as an appropriate strategy for improving crop productivity in acidic soils. The current paper briefly reviews the latest investigations with respect to the effect of sorption and transport of Si in plants under mineral stress in acidic soil condition.

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