Measuring active matter levels in original and open forms of veterinary preparations containing oxytetracycline stored under varied storage conditions
محورهای موضوعی : فارماکولوژی و توکسیکولوژی
1 - Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
کلید واژه: Active matter levels, Oxytetracycline, Different storage conditions,
چکیده مقاله :
This study aimed to evaluate the level of active matter in oxytetracycline stored under different conditions. Analyzing the active matter content of the drug was performed in its original packaging and in opened packages that were stored at room temperature, in the dark, and in the refrigerator for varying periods. Oxytetracycline was used for each preparation, and the active matter quantities were analyzed after 3, 6, and 9 months using HPLC. Additionally, considering the drug's life cycle, the opened packages were also analyzed at 24 and 48 hours. Results for the drug, which contained oxytetracycline (traditional) and was stored in a normal temperature room, were respectively: (6.14 ± 0.32, 6.50 ± 0.19), (5.58 ± 0.00, 6.38 ± 0.20), and (6.08 ± 0.10, 6.45 ± 0.32) ppm. Also, the results for the drug kept in the dark and a newly unwrapped drug were respectively: (6.29 ± 0.27, 6.37 ± 0.34), (5.30 ± 0.04, 6.30 ± 0.17), and (5.97 ± 0.13, 5.86 ± 0.06) ppm. Finally, the results for the drug kept in the refrigerator and a newly unwrapped drug were respectively: (7.55 ± 0.15, 7.48 ± 0.11), (5.36 ± 0.05, 5.81 ± 0.20), and (6.06 ± 0.36, 5.72 ± 0.07) ppm. Altogether, the results indicated that several external factors, such as heat, light, humidity, and oxygen, significantly impacted drug stability. Additionally, internal factors such as the internal reaction of the active ingredient, preservatives, and solvents influenced stability. Therefore, these various factors collectively affect the half-life of oxytetracycline.
This study aimed to evaluate the level of active matter in oxytetracycline stored under different conditions. Analyzing the active matter content of the drug was performed in its original packaging and in opened packages that were stored at room temperature, in the dark, and in the refrigerator for varying periods. Oxytetracycline was used for each preparation, and the active matter quantities were analyzed after 3, 6, and 9 months using HPLC. Additionally, considering the drug's life cycle, the opened packages were also analyzed at 24 and 48 hours. Results for the drug, which contained oxytetracycline (traditional) and was stored in a normal temperature room, were respectively: (6.14 ± 0.32, 6.50 ± 0.19), (5.58 ± 0.00, 6.38 ± 0.20), and (6.08 ± 0.10, 6.45 ± 0.32) ppm. Also, the results for the drug kept in the dark and a newly unwrapped drug were respectively: (6.29 ± 0.27, 6.37 ± 0.34), (5.30 ± 0.04, 6.30 ± 0.17), and (5.97 ± 0.13, 5.86 ± 0.06) ppm. Finally, the results for the drug kept in the refrigerator and a newly unwrapped drug were respectively: (7.55 ± 0.15, 7.48 ± 0.11), (5.36 ± 0.05, 5.81 ± 0.20), and (6.06 ± 0.36, 5.72 ± 0.07) ppm. Altogether, the results indicated that several external factors, such as heat, light, humidity, and oxygen, significantly impacted drug stability. Additionally, internal factors such as the internal reaction of the active ingredient, preservatives, and solvents influenced stability. Therefore, these various factors collectively affect the half-life of oxytetracycline.
[1] Kater A. Türkiye'de Ruhsatlı Normal ve Uzun etkili Oksitetrasiklin Müstahzar Prospektüslerinin Farmakokinetik ve Farmakodinamik Bilgiler Yönünden İncelemesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, tezsiz yüksek lisans dönem projesi. 2006. (In Turkish).
[2] Lathers CM. Clinical pharmacology of antimicrobial use in humans and animals, Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2002;42(6): 587-600.
doi:10.1177/00970002042006001
[3] Karabay O, Bastug A, Ozturk R, Sencan I, Aksoy M, Simsek H. et al. Antibiotic consumption, resistance data, and prevention strategies. Mediterranean Journal of Infection, Microbes and Antimicrobials. 2018; 7: 35.
doi:10.4274/mjima.2018.35
[4] Fatemi SA. Principles of Veterinary Therapeutics. 1st Edition, Tehran. 1998; 350-400. (In Persian).
[5] Prescott JF, Baggot JD. Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine 2nd Edition. Iowa State Univ. Press. Ames. 1993; pp:247-56.
[6] Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Gardner P. Pharmacology. 3rd ed., Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1995.
[7] Fathy H, El-Toukhy M, Sabery M, El-Sherbiny, M. The effect of boiling on stability of oxytetracycline and sulfamethazine residues in raw milk using HPLC method. Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal. 2019; 20(2): 21-6. doi:10.21608/mvmj.2019.22.105
[8] Lovern SB, Van Hart R. Impact of oxytetracycline exposure on the digestive system microbiota of Daphnia magna. Plos One. 27; 17(4): e0265944.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0265944.
eCollection 2022.
[9] Zoghi E. Pathogenesis of bacterial infections in animals. Karaj. 2017: 205-16. (In Persian)
[10] Mileva R, Karadaev M, Fasulkov I, Petkova T, Rusenova N, Vasilev N. et al. Oxytetracycline pharmacokinetics after intramuscular administration in cows with clinical metritis associated with Trueperella Pyogenes infection. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020; 9; 9(7): 392. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9070392
[11] Adams HR. Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 8th Edition. Iowa State University Press Ames. 2001.
[12] Faghihi SM. Fundamentals of Veterinary Pharmacology. Vol: 2, 1st Edition, Tehran. 2004; 230-58 (In Persian).
[13] Ballereau F, Prazuck T, Schriv I, Lafleuriel MT, Rozec D, Fisch A, Lafaix C. Stability of essential drugs in the field: Result of a study conducted over a two-year period in Burkina Faso. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 1997; 57: 31-6.
doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1997.57.31
[14] Alanazi F, Almugbel R, Maher HM, Alodaib FM, and Alzoman NZ. Determination of tetracycline, oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline residues in seafood products of Saudi Arabia using high performance liquid chromatography–Photo diode array detection. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2021; 29(6): 566-75.
doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2021.04.017
[15] Riviere JE, Spoo JW. Tetracycline Antibiotics. in: Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Editor: Adams, HR., 8th Edition, Chapter 42. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA. 2001; pp. 828-40.
[16] Mycek MJ, Harvey RA, Champe, PC. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology: Millennium, Edition-Updated 2nd Edition. 2000. pp: 235-87.
