ارزیابی اثر باکتری های محرک رشد بر عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب گندم تحت تاثیرمیزان و روش آبیاری
محورهای موضوعی : مجله علمی- پژوهشی اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی
اشکان رستمیان
1
,
پیام معاونی
2
,
مهدی صادقی شعاع
3
,
حمید مظفری
4
,
فائزه رجب زاده
5
1 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهر قدس، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهر قدس، تهران، ایران
3 - موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
4 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهر قدس، تهران، ایران
5 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهر قدس، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: گندم, رژیم آبیاری, کارایی مصرف آب, باکتری های محرک رشد, روش های آبیاری,
چکیده مقاله :
این تحقیق واکنش گندم در برابر تنش‌های مختلف رطوبتی و روش‌های مختلف آبیاری و همچنین عکس‌العمل به باکتری‌های محرک رشد از لحاظ صفات مختلف مربوط به عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب را طی دو سال زراعی مورد ارزیابی قرار داد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل رژیم آبیاری با سه سطح (آبیاری در 40 درصد تخلیه رطوبت قابل دسترس در تمام دوره رشدی(کامل)، آبیاری طبیعی تا گرده افشانی و عدم آبیاری تا 60 درصد تخلیه رطوبت قابل دسترس تا پایان دوره رشدی، آبیاری تا گرده افشانی در 60 درصد تخلیه رطوبت قابل دسترس و قطع آبیاری تا پایان دوره رشدی) روش‌های آبیاری با 5 سطح (نشتی معمول، نشتی یک جویچه در میان متغیر، نشتی یک جویچه در میان ثابت، بارانی و تیپ(نواری-قطره‌ای)) و فاکتور سوم باکتری‌های افزاینده رشد با دو سطح(عدم مصرف و مصرف(تلفیق میکروباکتریوم+ ازتو باکتر+آزوسپریلیوم+ سودوموناس) بودند. نتایج نشان دادند فاکتور رژیم آبیاری بر روی عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه تاثیر معنی داری داشت به طوری که رژیم آبیاری دوم و سوم (به ترتیب با 89/7 و 70/4 تن در هکتار) باعث کاهش عملکرد دانه با کاهش به ترتیب 39/20 و 58/52 درصد شدند. روش‌های مختلف آبیاری بر روی صفات مختلف کمی و کیفی تاثیر‌گذار بود اما در روش آبیاری تیپ بیشترین کارایی مصرف آب را با 00/3 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب نشان داد. استفاده از تلفیق باکتری باعث افزایش عملکرد بیولوژیک و دانه به ترتیب به میزان 79/9 و 51/13 درصد گردید.
This research evaluated the reaction of wheat against different moisture stresses and different irrigation methods, as well as the reaction to growth-promoting bacteria in terms of different traits related to yield and water use efficiency during two crop years. The experimental factors include the irrigation regime with three levels (irrigation at 40% of available moisture discharge during the entire growth period (normal), normal irrigation until pollination and no irrigation up to 60% of available moisture discharge until the end of the growth period, irrigation until pollination and stop irrigation until the end of the growth period), irrigation methods with 5 levels (regular leakage, leakage of one furrow in the middle of variable, leakage of one furrow in the middle of constant, rain, type (strip-drop)) and the third factor of growth-increasing bacteria with There were two levels (non-use and use (combination of Microbacterium + Azobacter + Azosperlium + Pseudomonas). The results showed that the factor of irrigation regime had a significant effect on biological performance and grain yield, so that the second and third irrigation regimes (respectively with 7.89 and 4.70 tons per hectare) reduced these traits. Different irrigation methods had an effect on different quantitative and qualitative traits, but the most efficient water consumption was achieved in the tip irrigation method with a rate of 3 kg/m3. The use of bacterial integration increased the biological yield and grain to the extent of 9.79 and 13.51 percent.
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