چکیده مقاله :
Optimal capacitor placement, considering power system loss reduction, voltage profile improvement, line reactive power decrease and power factor correction, is of particular importance in power system planning and control. The distribution system operator calculates the optimal place, number and capacity of capacitors based on two major purposes: active power loss reduction and return on investment maximization. In this paper, the optimization problem of various values of economic amount of reactive power is formulated; then after evaluation of objective function and implementation of optimization algorithm for each value, the optimum capacity of capacitors and their arrangement in load nodes of power system are extracted. Also, using the proposed objective function, the threshold price of reactive power selling can be calculated; thus the investment of capacitor installation will be beneficial for distribution system operator
منابع و مأخذ:
[1] H.D. Chiang, J. C. Wang, O. Cockitigs and H. D. Shin, “Optimal Capacitor Placements in Distribution Systems : Part 1 : A New Formulation and the Overall Problem”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.5, No. 2, pp. 634 – 642, April 1990.
[2] K. K. Mandal, B. Bhattacharya, B. Tudu, N. Chakraborty, “Novel Population-Based Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Distribution Capacitor Planning”, International Conference on Energy, Automation, and Signal (ICEAS), pp.1-6,Dec. 2011.
[3] J. C. Carlisle A. A. EI- Keib, “A Review of Capacitor Placement Techniques on Distribution Feeders”,Proceedings of the Twenty – Ninth IEEE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory, pp. 359-365, Mar 1997.
[4] N. M. Neagle and D. R. Samson, “Loss Reduction from Capacitors Installed on Primary Feeders”, AIEE Transactions, Vol.75, No.3, pt.III, pp. 950-959, 1956.
[5] R. F. Cook, “Analysis of Capacitor Application as Affected by Load Cycle”, AIEE Transactions, Vol.78, No.3, pt. III, pp. 950-957, Oct.1959.
[6] F. Mahmoodianfard, H. A. Abyaneh, H. Salehi, A. Vahabzadeh, “Optimal capacitor placement for loss reduction”, Proceedings of the International Symposium- Modern Electric Power Systems (MEPS), pp.1-5, Sept. 2010.
[7] J. V. Schmill, “Optimum Size and Location of Shunt Capacitors on Distribution Feeders”, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus, Vol.84, No.9, pp. 825-832, Sept. 1965.
[8] H. Duran, Optimum Number, “Location and Size Shunt Capacitors in Radial Distribution Feeders - A Dynamic Programming Approach”, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus, Vol.87, No.9, pp.1769-1774, Sept. 1968.
[9] M. Ponnavaikko and K. R. PrakasaRao, “Optimal Choice of Fixed and Switched Shunt Capacitors on Radial Distribution by the Method of Local Variations”, IEEE Transaction on Power Apparatus, Vol.102, No.6, pp. 1607-1614, June 1983.
[10] M. E. Baran, F. F. Wu, “Optimal Capacitor Placement on Radial Distribution Systems”, IEEE Transactionson Power Delivery, Vol.4, No.1, pp. 725-734, Jan. 1989. [11] H. D. Chiang, J. C. Wang, O. Cockins, H. D. Shin, “Optimal Capacitor Placement in Distribution Systems. I. A new formulation and the overall problem”, IEEE Transactionon Power Delivery, Vol.5, No.2, pp. 634-649, Apr. 1990.
[12] V. Ajjarapu and Z. Albanna, “Application of Genetic Based Algorithms to Optimal Capacitor Placement”, Proceeding of the First International Forum on Applications of Neural Networks to Power Systems, pp.251-255, 1991.
[13] G. Boone, H. D. Chiang, “Optimal Capacitor Placement in Distribution Systems by Genetic Algorithm”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, pp. 155-162,June 1993.
[14] S. Sundhararajan and A. Pahwa, “Optimal Selection of Capacitors for Radial Distribution Systems Using a Genetic Algorithm”, IEEE Transactionon Power Systems, Vol.9, No.3, pp. 1499-1507, Aug. 1994.
[15] N. I. Santosa and O. T. Tan, “Neural- Net Based Real-Time Control of Capacitors Installed on Distribution Systems”, IEEE Transactionon Power Delivery, Vol.5, No.1, pp. 266-272, Jan.1990.
[16] Z. Gu, D. T. Rizy, “Neural Netwokd for Combined Control of Capacitors Banks and Voltage Regulators in Distribution Systems”, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Jan.1996.
[17] H. N. Ng, M. M. A. Salama, “Fuzzy Optimal Capacitor Sizing and Placment”, Canadinan Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, pp. 680-683, 1995.
[18] M. F. AIHajri, M. R. AlRashidi and M. E. El – Hawary, “A Novel Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Capacitor Placement and Sizing”, CCECE 2007. Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, pp. 1286 – 1289, April 2007.
[19] M.C.P. Filho and M. F. Medeiros, “Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Capacitor Placement”, 16th International Conference on Intelligent System Application to Power Systems (ISAP), Sept. 2011.
[20] M. Kalantari and A. Kazemi, “Placement of Distributed Generation Unit and Capacitor Allocation in Distribution Systems Using Genetic Algorithm”, 10th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), pp.1-5, May 2011.
[21] M. Delfanti, G. P. Granelli, P. Marannino and M. Montagna, “Optimal Capacitor Placement Using Deterministic and Genetic Algorithms”, IEEE Transactions on Power systems, Vol.15, No.3, pp. 1041 – 1046, Aug. 2000.
[22] T. J. E. Miller, “Reactive Power Control in Electric Systems”,Willey, 1983.
[23] V. Miranda, J. V. Ranito, and L. M. Proenca, “Genetic Algorithms in Optimal Multistage Distribution Network
Planning”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems Vol.9, No.4, Nov. 1994.
