Systemic Management of Mountainous Rangeland Ecosystem, Case Study: The Javaherdeh Rangeland of Ramsar
محورهای موضوعی : Relationship between Animal and RangelandMohammad Hassan Jouri 1 , Dina Askarizadeh 2 , Vahid Rahimi 3 , Mohammad Mahdavi 4
1 - Natural Resources Department, Islamic Azad University of Nour branch, Nour,
2 - Range Management, Gorgan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources.
3 - Ornamental Plant’s culture, University of Applied Science and Technology, Gharche Sadafi of Tonkabon.
4 - Natural Resources Department, Islamic Azad University of Nour branch, Nour
کلید واژه: Rangeland ecosystem, Javaherdeh, Systematic management, Mountainous rangeland, Ramsar,
چکیده مقاله :
Mountainous rangeland ecosystems have a highly delicate position in ecologic areabecause of severe environmental conditions and having wildlife and livestock. Knowing andrealizing the biotic and abiotic components, which have an interaction with each other in thisecosystem, perform the most important role in to desirable management of it. The systematicmanagement is one of the managing features such as modern approach for land managementand suitable use of upland ecosystems. To reach that, mountainous rangelands of Javaherdeh(Ramsar) via 1:25,000 scale map were selected. Density, rangeland conditions, vegetationcover, gravel and grit were determined by Superficial and modified six-factor methods, ArcGIS v.9.3 software was employed to achieve land form map which was obtained by thecombination of altitude, slope, and slope aspect maps. First, basic and first environmental unitmaps were changed with land form map into soil type map, and first basic map intovegetation type map. The proposal map of systematic management of area was associatedwith final environmental unit map into landuse map via their attribute table. The establishedproposal map shows accurate position of different future land uses on the basis of currentecological capabilities of areas. Around Javaherdeh village is suitable for extensive outdoorrecreation (7.59%) and appropriate for the grazing of livestock (62.22%). Some areas(20.07%) also should be protected because of landslides and debris formation.
Adhami Mojarad, M. H., 1989.
Comparison of three evaluation methods
of natural resources, Ms. Thesis, Tehran
University, 120p. (In Persain).
Adhami Mojarad, M. H., 1994.
Determination of rangeland utilization
using landuse planning method, 175-182,
first national conference of range and
range management, Industry University
of Isfehan, 5-7 July, 488p. (In Persain).
Ale Shek, A., S.A. Jouzi & S. Rezaian,
2010. Planning the model to evaluate of
ecological capability of land in order to
establish the urban and services
development utilization. Jour.
Environmental Science and technology,
43(4): 127-139.
Amiri, M.J., 2009. The evaluation of
ecologic capability of forests in Dohezar
This is trial version
www.adultpdf.com
J. of Range. Sci., 2011, Vol. 1, No. 4 Systemic Management …/326
and Sehezar catchments of north Alborz
using GIS. Jour. Environmental Studies,
35(50): 33-44. (In Persain).
Auzins, A., 2004. Institutional
Arrangements: A Gate Towards
Sustainable Land Use. Nordic Jour.
Surveying and Real Estate Research, 1:
57-71.
Bassiri, M., 2000. Analysis and inventory
of Rangeland, lecture manuscript,
Industrial University of Isfehan, Iran.
Beek, K.J., K., De Bie, & P.Driessen,
1997. Land information and land
evaluation for land use planning and
sustainable land management. The Land,
1(1): 27-44.
Bocco, G., M. Mendoza & A. Velazquez,
2001. Remote sensing and GIS-based
regional geomorphological mapping—a
tool for land uses planning in developing
countries. Geomorphology, 39: 211–219.
Bonham, C. D., 1989. Measurements for
terrestrial vegetation. John Wiley and
Son, New York, NY.
Cain, S. A. O. De & G. M. Castro, 1959.
Manual of vegetation analysis. Harper
and Bros. Publishers, New York. 325 pp.
Cain, S.A., 1932. Concerning certain
ecological concepts. Ecological Monoger,
27(2): 475-508.
Carver, S., 1991. Integrating multicriteria
evaluation with GIS, International Jour.
Geographical Information Systems, 5(3):
321-339.
Chen, Y., J. Yu, K. Shahbaz & E. Xevi,
2009. A GIS-Based Sensitivity Analysis
of Multi-Criteria Weights. 18th World
IMACS/MODSIM Congress, Cairns,
Australia, 3137- 3143.
Costanza, R., R. d’Arge, R. de Groot, S.
Farberk, M. Grasso, B. Hannon, K.
Limburg, S. Naeem, R. V. O’Neill, J.
Paruelo, R.G. Raskin, P. Suttonkk & M.
van den Belt, 1997. The value of the
world’s ecosystem services and natural
capital. Nature, 387(15): 253-260.
Daubenmire, R., 1959. A Canopy-coverage
method of vegetational analysis.
Northwest Science, 33: 43-64.
De la Rosa, D., J.A. Moreno, L.V. Garcia
& J. Almorz, 1992. MicroLEIS: A
microcomputer-based Mediterranean land
evaluation information system. Soil Use
& Management, 8: 89-96.
Dent, D. & Young, A. 1981. Soil survey
and land evaluation. George Allen &
Unwin, London, England.
Eastman, R.J., P.A.K. Kyen, & J. Toledno,
1993. A procedure for multipleobjective decision making in GIS under
conditions of conflicting objectives. In:
J. Hents, H.F.L. Ottens, and H.J. Scholten
(eds.), Proceedings Fourth European
Conference on GIS, 1(2): 438-447.
ESRI (Environmental Systems Research
Institute) Inc., 2010. ArcGIS for Desktop
v.9.3 software, http://www.esri.com.
EUROCONSULT. 1989. Agricultural
Compendium for rural development in
the tropics and subtropics. Elsevier,
Amsterdam.
FAO. 1976. A framework for land
evaluation. Soils Bulletin 32. Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations, Rome, Italy.
FAO 1983. Guidelines: land evaluation for
rainfed agriculture. Soils Bulletin 52.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations, Rome, Italy.
FAO 1984. Land evaluation for forestry.
Forestry paper 48. Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations,
Rome, Italy.
FAO 1985. Guidelines: land evaluation for
irrigated agriculture. Soils Bulletin 55.
This is trial version
www.adultpdf.com
Journal of Rangeland Science, 2011, Vol. 1, No. 4 M. H. Jouri et al. /327
Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations, Rome, Italy.
FAO 1991. Guidelines: land evaluation for
extensive grazing. Soils Bulletin 58. Food
and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations, Rome, Italy.
FAO, 1995, planning for sustainable use of
land resources; towards a new approach.
FAO Land and Water Bulletin 2. Rome,
Italy.
FAO, 2007. Land evaluation, towards a
revised framework. Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations.
Rome, Italy, 124P.
Groves, C., 2003. Drafting a Conservation
Blueprint. A Practitioner’s Guide to
Planning for Biodiversity. Island Press,
Washington, DC.
Hurni, H., 2000. Assessing sustainable
land management (SLM). Agriculture,
Ecosystems and Environment, 81: 83-92.
Hutson, J.L. & R.J. Wagenet, 1991.
Simulating nitrogen dynamics in soils
using a deterministic model. Soil Use &
Management 7: 74-78.
Hutson, J.L. & R.J. Wagenet, 1992.
LEACHM: Leaching Estimation and
Chemistry and Model. A process-based
model of water and solute movement,
transformation, plant uptake and
chemical reactions in the unsaturated
zone. Version 3. SCAS
Irani Behbehani, H. & B. Shafiei, 2007.
Landscaping of mountain using endemic
plants, Jour. Environmental Studies,
33(42): 109-124. (In Persain).
Ive, J. R. & K.D. Cocks, 1986. Rural land
use planning techniques. In ― Micro
Computer For Local Government
planning and management. Ed (P. W.
Newton and M.A.P. Tyalor) Hargreen
pub. Co. Sydney:112-122
Jankowski, P., 1995. Integrating
geographical information systems and
multiple criteria decision-making
methods, International Jour.
Geographical Information Systems, 9(3):
251-273.
Jankowski, P., & L. Richard, 1994.
Integration of GIS-based suitability
analysis and multicriteria evaluation in a
spatial decision support system for route
selection, Environment and Planning B,
21: 323-340
Janssen, R., & P. Rietveld, 1990.
Multicriteria analysis and geographical
information systems: An application to
agriculture land-use in Netherlands. In:
H.J. Scholten, and J.C.H. Stillwell (eds.)
Geographical information systems for
urban and regional planning, pp. 129-139.
Dorchecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers
Jouri, M. H., 2010. Ecological
investigation of upland rangeland in two
geographical scale of Irano-Touranian
and Euro-Siberian. PhD thesis, Pune
Unversity, India, 690p. (In Persain).
Khaledi, Sh., 2006. Studying of
microclimate in mountainous area, case
study: Damavand region, Jour.
Environmental Studies, 41: 45-54. (In
Persain).
Klingebiel, A.A. & P.H. Montgomery,
1961. Land capability classification.
USDA Agricultural Handbook 210. US
Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC.
Landon, J.R. (ed.) 1984. Booker tropical
soil manual: a handbook for soil survey
and agricultural land evaluation in the
tropics and subtropics. Longman, New
York.
Langdalen, E., 1975. Conservation of the
natural and cultural landscape as an
integral part of the municipal survey plan.
Proc. Symp. Ecology and planning.
Stockholm. National Swedish
environment. Protection board: 89-97.
Makhdoum, M.F., 1988. Introduction an
modern model to land evaluation in
landuse planning process, Iranian Jour.
Natural Resources, 41(1): 68-78. (In
Persain).
This is trial version
www.adultpdf.com
J. of Range. Sci., 2011, Vol. 1, No. 4 Systemic Management …/328
Makhdoum, M. F. 1993. Environmental
Unit: An arbitrary ecosystem for land
evaluation. (In Persain).
Makhdoum, M.F., 2006. Fundamental of
landuse of planning. University of Tehran
press. Pp 289. (In Persain).
Makhdoum, M.F., A.A. Darvishsefat, H.
Jafarzadeh & A.F. Makhdoum, 2011.
Environmetal evalatuion and planning by
Geographic information system, 5th
edition, University of Tehran press,
Tehran, Iran, 306p. (In Persain).
Makowski, M., 2004. Multi-objective
Decision Support Including Sensitivity
Analysis. UNESCO-EOLSS Joint
Committee, Encyclopedia of Life Support
Systems, Paris, Eolss Publishers, p. 24,
http://www.eolss.net, article no 001-373
(4.20.4.3)
Margules, C.R. & R.L. Pressey, 2000.
Systematic conservation planning.
Nature, 405: 243-253.
Mesdaghi, M., 2004. Range Management
in Iran, Astane ghods publication,
Mashhad, Iran, 333p. (In Persain).
Mohajeri, A.R., 2001. An investigation of
surface, capacity, condition, and trend of
rangeland using GIS technic. 332-344,
first national conference of range and
range management, Industry University
of Isfehan, 5-7 July, 488p. (In Persain).
Movahed, A., 2010. The evaluation of
ecological capability of Dez territory,
from regulator dam to Ghir dam for
recreation. Jour. Environmental Studies,
36(55): 13-24. (In Persain).
Pereira, J.M.C., & L. Duckstein, 1993. A
multiple criteria decision-making
approach to GIS-based land suitability
evaluation, International Jour.
Geographical Information Systems, 7(5):
407-424.
Prato, T., 1999. Multiple attribute decision
analysis for ecosystem management.
Ecological Economics, 30: 207- 222.
Rezvani, A.A., 2001. The role of
ecotourism in protection of environment.
Jour. Environmental Studies, 31: 115-
122. (In Persain).
Rossiter, D.G. 1990. ALES: A framework
for land evaluation using a
microcomputer. Soil Use &
Management, 6: 7-20.
Rossiter, D.G. & Van Wambeke, A.R.
1995. Automated Land Evaluation
System: ALES Version 4.5 User's
Manual. December 1994 printing. SCAS
Teaching Series No. T93-2, Revision 5.
Cornell University, Department of Soil,
Crop & Atmospheric Sciences, Ithaca,
NY.
Rossiter, D.G., 1996. A theoretical
framework for land evaluation. Reprint of
Geoderma, 72: 165-202.
Roudgarmi, P., N. A. Khorasani, S.M.
Monavari & J. Nouri, 2007.
Environmental impact assessment of
developmen using Multi-Criteria
Evaluation Functions, Jour.
Environmental Science and Technology,
9(4): 73-84. (In Persain).
Saraei, M., 2009. The Ecological Footprint
as an indicator to evaluate the social
sustainment. Jour. Environmental
Studies, 35(50): 15-26. (In Persain).
Siderius, W. (ed.), 1986. Land evaluation
for land-use planning and conservation in
sloping areas. ILRI Publication 40
International Institute for Land
Reclamation and Improvement (ILRI),
Wageningen.
Smith, R. S., 1982. The use of land
classification in resource assessment and
rural planning. Inst. Ter. Ecology. Nat.
Environ. Res. Council. Cambridge.
Smyth, A.J., & J. Dumanski. 1995. A
framework for evaluating sustainable
land management. Can. J. Soil Sci. 75:
401–406.
U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of
Reclamation 1951. Irrigated land use,
This is trial version
www.adultpdf.com
Journal of Rangeland Science, 2011, Vol. 1, No. 4 M. H. Jouri et al. /329
Part 2: Land classification. Bureau of
Reclamation Manual. Vol. 5, U.S.
Government Printing Office,
Washington.
van Gool, D., P. Tille & G. Moore, 2005.
Land evaluation standards for land
resource mapping, third edition. Resource
Management Technical Report 298.
141p.
van Ittersuma, M.K., R.P. Roetter, H. van
Keulen, N. de Ridder, C.T. Hoanh, A.G.
Laborte, P.K. Aggarwal, A.B. Ismail &
A Tawang, 2004. A systems network
(SysNet) approach for interactively
evaluating strategic land use options at
sub-national scale in South and Southeast Asia. Land Use Policy, 21(2): 101-
113.
Wackernagel, M. & W. Rees, 1997.
Perceptual and structural barriers to
investing in natural capital: economics
from an ecological footprint perspective.
Ecol. Econ., 20(1): 3-24.
Wallenius, J., J.S. Dyer, P.C. Fishburn,
R.E. Steuer, S. Zionts, and K. Deb, 2008.
"Multiple Criteria Decision Making,
Multiattribute Utility Theory: Recent
Accomplishments and What Lies Ahead",
presented at Management Science, 1336-
1349.
Way, D. S. 1978. Terrain Analysis. 2nd ed.
Dowden Hutchinson and Ross, Inc.
Stroudsburg. 438pp.
Westman, W. E. 1985. Ecology, Impact
assessment, and environmental planning.
J. Wiley and sons. Newyork. 532pp.
Wiggering, H., C. Dalchow, M. Glemnitz,
K. Helming, K. Muller, A. Schultz, U.
Stachow & P. Zander, 2006. Indicators
for multifunctional land use-Linking
socio-economic requirements with
landscape potentials. Ecological
Indicators, 6: 238–249.
Wood, S.R. & Dent, F.J. 1983. LECS: a
land evaluation computer system.
AGOF/INS/78/006. Vol. 5
(Methodology) & 6 (User's Manual),
Ministry of Agriculture, Government of
Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia
Young, J., A. Watt, P. Nowicki, D. Alard,
J. Clitherow, K. Henle, R. Johnson, E.
Laczko, D. McCracken, S. Matouch, J.
Niemela & C. Richard, 2005. Towards
sustainable land use: identifying and
managing the conflicts between human
activities and biodiversity conservation in
Europe. Biodiversity and Conservation,
14: 1641–1661
Zonveld, D., 1983. Principle of land
evaluation for extensive grazing,
proceeding of workshop on land
evaluation, Addis ababa, Ethiopia, 84-
117.
