Common Property Resources as Village Ecosystem Service Center in Drylands of Rajasthan, India

محورهای موضوعی : Range Management

Mahesh Kumar Gaur ¹ (ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute)
R. Goyal ² (ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute)
Shiran K. ³ (ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute)

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/01/29 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/03/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/10/11

کلید واژه: Community, Service centers, Drylands, Common property resources, Village ecosystems,

چکیده مقاله :

There is an enormous stress on livelihood analysis of rural communities and their economies. Village common property resources (CPRs) have played a substantial economic role for the sustenance in rural areas of the drylands. The CPRs of drylands of western Rajasthan shows a varied range of habitats due to strong functional disparities in topographic, geomorphological, climatic, edaphic and physiographic characteristics. The situation is aggravated due to severe biotic pressure on local ecosystem exists due to overgrazing and anthropogenic activities. There is an interplay between rural communities and their dependency for livelihood on the CPRs. It is a well-known fact that CPRs, more or less, act as a village ecosystem service provider in the life and economy of the rural communities of the drylands of India. The main objective of the present study is to make an evaluation of the role of CPRs as a village ecosystem, emphasizing its functioning as a service provider and the socio-economic repercussions of its degradation or loss. It has been revealed that CPRs have played a very important part in the economy of the surveyed villages and the reliance of landless, marginal and small households has remained much higher and critical for their subsistence. There is an urgent need for the sustainable management of CPRs by the village bodies with the active participation of communities.

منابع و مأخذ:

Bhandari, M.M. 1990. Flora of the Indian Desert. MPS Repros, Jodhpur. 435 p.

Blanford, W.T. 1901. The distribution of vertebrate animals in India, Ceylon and Burma. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 194: 335–436.

CGWB 2013. District Groundwater Brochure. Central Ground Water Board, Western Region, Jaipur. Pp. 20. http://www.cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Rajasthan/Jalore.pdf (accessed on 21^st January, 2018)

Chakravarti, Anand. 1975. Contradiction and change: Changing Patterns of Authority in a Rajasthan village. Oxford University press, Delhi.

Chouhan B.R. 1967. A Rajasthan village. Associated Publishing House, New Delhi.

Dabadghao P.M. and Shankarnarayanan, K.A. 1973. The grass cover of India. ICAR, New Delhi.

Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA), 2009. Ecosystem Services: Key Concepts and Applications, Occasional Paper Series No.1 Government of Australia, pp. 32.

Dubey S.C. 1996. Indian Society. National Book Trust, Delhi.

Faroda A.S., Joshi D.C. and Balak Ram, 1999. Agro-ecological zones of north-western hot arid region of India. CAZRI, Jodhpur, p.24.

Gaur, Mahesh Kumar, Goyal R. K., Kalappurakkal S. and Pandey C. B. 2018. Common property resources in drylands of India. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, pp. 1-10. (Accessed on 10^th February 2018). https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2018.1423646

Gaur, Mahesh Kumar and Squires, Victor R. 2018. Climate Variability, Land-Use change and Impact on Livelihoods in the Arid Lands. Springer. ISBN: 978-3-319-56680-1.

Gaur, Mahesh Kumar, Chand K., Misra A.K., Roy M.M., Louhaichi M. and Johnson D.E. 2016. Monitoring of Sheep Migration in Arid Region of Rajasthan, India Using EO Data. J Ecosys Ecograph 6(2): 190. doi:10.4172/2157-7625.1000190.

Gaur, Mahesh Kumar. 2015. Mapping of Thar Desert Grasslands/ Grazing lands Using High Resolution Carto-Data (A case study of Jodhpur District). Paper presented at International Grassland Congress, New Delhi.

Gaur, Mahesh Kumar. 2014. Orans: the sacred groves of Thar desert, India. In, Mahesh Kumar Gaur et al (Eds.) Environment, People and Development (Experiences from Desert Ecosystems). NIPA, New Delhi. Pp.195-210.

Gaur, Mahesh Kumar et al (Eds.) 2014. Environment, People and Development (Experiences from Desert Ecosystems). NIPA, New Delhi.

Gaur, Mahesh Kumar (Ed.) 2013. Remote Sensing Application for Dryland Natural Resources Management. NIPA, New Delhi.

Gaur, Mahesh Kumar and Sharma, J. R. 2013. Sustainable Utilization of Wastelands and their economic significance in Western Rajasthan, India. In, Mahesh Kumar Gaur (ed.) Remote Sensing Application for Dryland Natural Resources Management. NIPA, New Delhi.

Gaur, Mahesh; Pathak, S. and Sharma, J.R. 2004. Mapping of potential rangelands for optimizing biomass production in Thar desert of India: A remote sensing and GIS approach. 24^th ISRS Annual Convention and National Symposium “Converging Space Technologies for National Development” Nov. 3-5, 2004, Jaipur.

Gupta, R. K. and Bakshi, S. R. 2008. Studies in Indian History: Rajasthan through the Ages the Heritage of Rajputs (Set of 5 Vols.). Sarup & Sons.

Gupta R.K.and Saxena S.K. 1972. Potential grassland types and their ecological succession in Rajasthan desert. Ann. Arid Zone 11: 198–218.

Hardin, G. 1968. The Tragedy of the Commons. Science, New Series, (13 December 1968), 162 (3859), pp. 1243 1248. American Association for the Advancement of Science. URL: science.sciencemag.org/content/162/3859/1243.full

Jodha, N.S. 1994. Management of common property resources in selected dry areas of India, in John Kerr et al, pp. 339-61.

Jodha, N.S. 1986. Common Property Resources and Rural Poor in Dry Regions of India. Economic & Political Weekly, Vol. 21, Issue No. 27, 05 Jul, 1986.

Jodha, N.S. 1985a. Market forces and erosion of Common Property Resources, Pp. 263-77 in Agricultural Markets in the Semi-arid Tropics (Proc. Internat. Workshop, October 24-28, 1983). ‘ICRISAT Centre, India’.

Jodha, N.S. 1985b. Population growth and the decline of common property resources in Rajasthan, Population and Development Review, Vo. 11(2), pp. 247-64.

Krishnan A. 1977. A climatic analysis of the arid zone of North-western India. In: Desertification and its control. ICAR, New Delhi. Pp. 69–76.

Maikhuri R.K. and Ramakrishnan P.S. 1990. Ecological analysis of a cluster of villages emphasizing land-use of different tribes in Meghalaya in North-East India. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment, 31, pp. 17-37.

Muhnot, Nainsi. 1968. Marwar Ra Pargana Ri Vigat, vol. I (1610–1670) Ed. by Dr. Narayan Singh Bhati, Jodhpur: Oriental Research Institute.

Narain P., Rathore L.S., Singh, R.S. and Rao, A.S. 2006. Drought assessment and management in arid Rajasthan. Jodhpur: CAZRI and NCMRWF, NOIDA; p. 64.

Nishanka S.K. and Mishra M.K. 1990. Ecological study of an Indian village ecosystem: Energetics. Biomass, 23, pp. 165-78.

Peabody N. 2001. Cents, sense, census: human inventories in late precolonial and early colonial India. Comparative Studies in Society and History. 43(4):819–850.

Pocock, R.I. 1939 & 1941. The fauna of British India, Mammalia. Vols I & II. Francis and Taylor, London.

Ponse, Victor M. 2009. Hardin’s “Tragedy of the commons” revisited or we are all in the same boat. tragedy.sdsu.edu

Prakash, I. 1963. Zoo-geography and evolution of the mammalian fauna of Rajasthan desert. Mammalia 35: 384–423.

Ram, B. 2013. Agricultural Resources in Arid Western Rajasthan – Issues and Options. In, Mahesh Kumar Gaur (ed.) Remote Sensing Application for Dryland Natural Resources Management. NIPA, New Delhi.

Sachidananda. l988. Social Change in India. Concept Publishing House, New Delhi.

Sharma, K.K. and Mehra, S.P. 2009. The Thar of Rajasthan (India): Ecology and Conservation of a Desert Ecosystem. In, C. Sivaperuman et al. (eds.), Faunal Ecology and Conservation of the Great Indian Desert, Springer-Verlag Berlin.

Singh, K., Singh, N. and Singh, R.P. 1996. tilisation and Development of Common Property Resources – A Field Study in Punjab. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics. Vol. 51, Nos. 1 & 2, pp. 249 – 259.

Websites:http://www.arthapedia.in/index.php?title=Worker_(Census_Definition censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/A-Series/A-Series_links/t_00_009.aspx