Rangeland Plants Potential for Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soils with Lead, Zinc, Cadmium and Nickel (Case Study: Rangelands around National Lead & Zinc Factory, Zanjan, Iran)
محورهای موضوعی : Soil and Water ConservationMehdi Moameri 1 , Mohammad Jafari 2 , Ali Tavili 3 , Babak Motasharezadeh 4 , Mohammad Ali Zare chahuoki 5
1 - Assistant Professor, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 - University of Tehran
3 - University of Tehran
4 - University of Tehran
5 - University of Tehran
کلید واژه: phytoremediation, Heavy metal, Contaminated soil, Native plants,
چکیده مقاله :
There are many remediating methods for the polluted soils but only phytoremediation is a cost effective, environmental friendly, aesthetically pleasing approach that is most suitable for many countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of native plants for phytoremediation of contaminated soils with lead, zinc, cadmium and nickel in the rangelands around National Lead & Zinc Factory, Zanjan, Iran. Sampling was done at 11 sites on May, 2014 and plant samples were collected from 14 native plant species. Three soil samples were taken at each site. Soil samples were taken from the rooting zone. Extraction of Pb, Zn, Cd and Ni from plants was done by acid digestion. Plant samples were digested in the di-acid mixture (3:1) of nitric acid (HNO3) and perchloric acid (HClO) and soil samples were digested with 4M HNO3 acid. Metals of Pb, Zn, Cd and Ni were extracted from plant and soil samples were determined using Inductively Coupled plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy “ICP-OES”. In general, the results showed that no hyperaccumulators of Pb and Zn were identified in the area. All plants were classified as low lead accumulators, excluder and moderate accumulators, low zinc accumulators or excluders; though Pb and Zn concentrations in the plants were higher than standard range. Standard range of lead and zinc in rangeland plants is 0.2-20 and 1-400 mgkg-1, respectively whereas the species of Brassica juncea and Scariola orientalis were classified as Cd hyperaccumulators and Scariola orientalis and Echium amoenum were classified as Ni hyperaccumulators. The normal value of Cd and Ni in these plants were 0.1-2.4 and 0.02-5.0 mgkg-1, respectively. Thus, these native plants had an implication of carrying out phytoremediation in the rangeland soils around National Iranian Lead & Zinc Factory, Zanjan.
Allen, SE., 1989. Chemical Analysis of Ecological Materials. 2nd edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford., England : Blackwell Scientific, 565 p.
Alloway, B.J., 1990. The Origin of Heavy Metals in Soils. In: Heavy Metals in Soils, Alloway, B.J. (Ed.). Blackie, Glasgow and London, 29-39.
Amacher, M.C. and Selim, H.M., 1994. Mathematical models to evaluate retention and transport of chromium(VI) in soil. Ecological Modeling, 74:205-230.
Al-Taisan, W.A., 2009. Suitability of Using Phragmites australis and Tamarix aphylla as Vegetation Filters in Industrial Areas. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 5(6): 740-747.
Behrouz, E.M. Abdolkarim, C., Nafiseh, Y. & Bahareh, L., 2008. Identification of the hyper accumulator plants in copper and iron mine in Iran. Pakistan journal of biological science, 11(3): 490 -492.
Boularbah. A., Schwartz, C., Bitton, G., Aboudrar, W., Ouhammou, A. and Morel, JL., 2006. Heavy metal contamination from mining sites in South Morocco: 2 Assessment of metal accumulation and toxicity in plants. Chemosphere 63 (5): 811-817.
Bower, C.A. and Hatcher, J.T., 1966. Simultaneous determination of surface area and cationexchange capacity. Soil Science Society of America, Proceedings, 30:525–527.
Brainina, Kh., Stozhko, Z., Yu, N., Belysheva, GM., Inzhevatova, OV., Kolyadina, LI. and Cremisini, C., 2004. Determination of heavy metals in wines by anodic stripping voltammetry with thick-film modified electrode. Analytica Chemical Acta, 514: 227-234.
Bremner, J. M., 1996. Nitrogen total. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Chemical Methods—SSSA book series No. 5, (Bartels, J. M., Ed.), Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI. 1309 p.
Chehregani, A., Noori, M. and LariYazdi, H., 2009. Phytoremediation of heavy-metal polluted soils: Screening for new accumulator plants in Angouran mine (Iran) and evaluation of removal ability. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72 (5): 1349–1353.
Cheraghi, M., Lorestani, B., Khorasani, N., Yousefi, N. and Karami, M., 2011. Findings on the phytoextraction and phytostabilization of soils contaminated with heavy metals. Biological Trace Element Research, 144(1-3): 1133-1141.
Day, P.R., 1982. Particle fractionation and particle-size analysis. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Agronomy, Vol. 9 (Part I), pp. 545–567 (Page, A. L., Miller, R. H., and Keeney, D. R., Eds.), American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
Ebrahimi, M. and Madrid Díaz, F., 2014. Use of Festuca ovina L. in chelate assisted phytoextraction of copper contaminated soils. Jour. Rangeland Science, 4(3): 171-181.
Ebrahimi, M., Jafari. M., Savaghebi. G.R., Azarnivand, H. and Madrid. F., 2014. Investigation of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Plants Growing in Contaminated Soils (Case Study: Qazvin Province, Iran). Jour. Rangeland Science, 4(2): 91-99.
Fifield, FW. and Haines, PJ., 2000 Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2nd Edition, Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford., England : Blackwell Scientific, 364 p.
Frick, CM., Farrell, RE. and Germida, JJ., 1999. Assessment of phytoremediation as an in-situ technique for cleaning oil-contaminated sites. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan: University of Saskatchewan. 88 pp.
Ghosh, S.P. and Sing. H., 2005. A review on phytoremediation of heavy metals and utilization of its byproduct. Appl. Ecol. Environ. Res, 3:1-18.
Hemke, P.H. and Spark, D.L., 1996. Method of soil analysis. Published by: Soil Science Society of America, Inc. American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Potassium. 551-574.
Iranian Environmental Protection Agency, 2014. Standards of soil resources quality and guides them. 166 pp. (In Persian)
Kuo, S., 1996. Method of soil analysis. Published by: Soil Science Society of America, Inc. American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Phosphorus. 869-920.
Lei, W., Peishi, Q. and Ming. X., 2011. Phytoremediation prospects of heavy metals by indigenous plants growing in industrially polluted soils. International Conference on Computer Distributed control and intelligent environmental monitoring. IEEE Computer Society Washington, DC, USA, 1628-1631 pp.
Lorestani, B., Cheraghi, M. and Yousefi. N., 2011. Phytoremediation Potential of Native Plants Growing on a Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil of Copper mine in Iran. World Academy Science, Engineering Technology, 53: 377-382.
Mc Grath, S.P. and Zhoa. F.J., 2003. Phytoextraction of metal and metalloids from contaminated soils. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 14: 1-6.
Mganga, N., Manoko, MLK. and Rulangaranga. ZK., 2011. Classification of plants according to their heavy metal content around north Mara gold mine, Tanzania: implication for phytoremediation. Tanzania Jour. Science, 37: 109-119.
Miller, RO. 1998, Nitric-perchloric acid wet digestion in an open vessel, In: Kalra Y, Ed. Handbook of reference methods for plant analysis, CRC Press, Washington, DC.
Moameri, M., Jafari, M., Tavili, A., Motasharezadeh, B. and Zare Chahouki, M.A., 2015. Assessing rangeland plants potential for phytoremediation of contaminated soil with Lead and Zinc Factory-Zanjan. Rangeland, 9(1): 29-42.
Mok, H.F., Gregory. D., Majumder. R., Baker. A.J.M., Laidlaw, W.S. and Arndt. S.K. 2013. Native Australian species are effective in extracting multiple heavy metals from biosolids. International Jour. Phytoremediation, 15:615-632.
Nazir, A., Malik. R.N., Ajaib. M., Khan. N. and Siddiqui. M.F., 2011. Hyperaccumulators of heavy metals of industrial areas of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Pakistan Jour. Botany, 43(4): 1925-1933.
Nelson, D.W. and Sommers, L.E., 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter: Methods of soil analysis. In: Chemical Methods, SSSA Book Series No. 5, pp. 961–1010 (Bartels, J. M., Ed.), Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.
Newman, LA., Doty, SL., Gery, KL., Heilman, PE., Muiznieks, I., Shang, TQ., Siemieniec, ST., Strand, SE., Wang, X. and Wilson, A., 1998. Phytoremediation of organic contaminants: a review of phytoremediation research at the University of Washington. Jour. Soil Contamination, 7(4): 531-542.
Norozi Fard, P., Mortazavi, S. and Ildoromi. A., 2016. Common Reed (Phragmites australis) as a Bio Refining and Monitoring Plant of Pollution Resulting from Heavy Metals (Case Study: Dez River, Dezful, Iran). Jour Rangeland Science, 6(1): 10-23.
Rhoades, J.D., 1996. Salinity: Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, pp. 417–435 (Page, A. L., Ed.), American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
Rosselli, W., Keller, C. and Boschi. K., 2003. Phytoextraction capacity of trees growing on metal contaminated soil. Plant Soil, 256: 265-72.
Rotkittikhun, R., Kruatrachue, M., Chaiyarat, R., Ngernsansaruay, C., Pokethitiyook, P., Paijitprapaporn, A. and Baker, AJM., 2006. Uptake and accumulation of lead by plants from the Bo Ngam lead mine area in Thailand. Environmental Pollution, 144: 681688.
Saba, G., Parizanganeh. A.H., Zamani, A. and Saba. J., 2015. Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Environments: Screening for Native Accumulator Plants in Zanjan-Iran. International Jour. Environmental Research, 9(1):309-316.
Sun, Y., Zhou, Q. and Diao, C., 2008. Effects of Cadmium and Arsenic on growth and metal accumulation of Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. Bioresource Technol, 99:1103–1110.
Thomas, G.W., 1996. Soil pH and soil acidity: Methods of soil analysis. In: Chemical Methods, SSSA Book Series No. 5, pp. 475–490 (Bartels, J. M., Ed.), Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.
Vaverkov, M. and Adamcov. D., 2014. Heavy Metals Uptake by Select Plant Species in the Landfill Area of Stepanovice, Introduction Czech Republic. Polish Jour. Environmental Studies, (23)6: 2265-2269
Wei, SH., Li, YM., Zhou, QX., Srivastava, M. and Chiu, SW., 2010. Effect of fertilizer amendments on phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil by a newly discovered hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L [J]. Jour. Hazardous Materials, 176(1−3): 269−273.
Yoon, J., Cao, X., Zhou, Q. and Ma, L.Q., 2006. Accumulation of Pb, Cu, and Zn in native plants growing on a contaminated Florida site. Science Total Environment, 368: 456-464.
Zayed, A.M. and Terry, N., 1994. Selenium volatilization in roots and shoots: Effects of shoot removal and sulfate level. Journal of Plant Physiology, 143: 8-14.
Zu, YQ., Li, Y., Chen, JJ., Chen, HY., Qin, L. and Schvartz, C. 2005. Hyperaccumulation of Pb, Zn and Cd in herbaceous grown on lead-zinc mining area in Yunnan. China Environment International, 31: 755-762.
