حادثه هستهای نیروگاه فوکوشیما: تعامل و تقابل حقوق بینالملل محیط زیست و حقوق بینالملل هستهای
محورهای موضوعی : روابط بین الملل
1 - استادیارگروه حقوق، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران
کلید واژه: توسعه پایدار, حقوق بینالملل محیط زیست, حقوق بینالملل هستهای, رژیم ایمنی هستهای,
چکیده مقاله :
انرژی هستهای امروزه جایگاه قابل توجهی در تامین انرژی در سطح بینالمللی دارد. با وجود این احتمال وقوع حوادث هستهای به دلیل ناکارامدی سیستم ایمنی هستهای و تاثیرات زیست محیطی منفی آن، یکی از چالشهای اساسی پیش روی توسعه انرژی هستهای است. مساله اساسی این است که آیا حقوق بین الملل هسته ای با حقوق بین الملل محیط زیست در زمینه ایمنی هسته ای هم راستا است؟ بررسی مفاد اسناد بینالمللی موجود در حقوق بینالملل هستهای حاکی از توجه کافی رژیم ایمنی هستهای به اصول و قواعد حقوق بینالملل محیط زیست است. با وجود این، وقوع حادثه هستهای فوکوشیما در سال 2011 در ژاپن علیرغم توسعه سیستم ایمنی هستهای، حاکی از این واقعیت است که به لحاظ عملی تا به امروز حقوق بینالملل محیط زیست و حقوق بینالملل هستهای در تضمین نیل به پایداری زیست محیطی کاملاً همسو نمی باشند. عملیاتی نمودن اصول زیست محیطی مندرج در حقوق انرژی هستهای و انتقال تکنولوژی هستهای میتواند گام مطلوبی در کاهش آثار زیست محیطی ناشی از حوادث هستهای باشد.
Although nowadays, nuclear energy has significant role in energy secure at international level, the risk of nuclear accidents due to inefficient nuclear safety and its negative environmental impact is one of the major challenges facing the development of nuclear energy. The main issue is this weather international nuclear law is compatible with international environment law in the context of safety regime? and what mechanisms observe on respect of fundamental environment norms in nuclear activities? Assessing Provisions of international documents on nuclear energy implies attention of nuclear safety regime to the principles of international environmental law. However, in spite of promotion of nuclear safety regime, occurrence of nuclear accident in Fukushima power plant in 2011 in Japan showed that by now international environmental law and international nuclear energy law are not factually compatible in approaching to sustainable development. Actualizing of environmental principals included in international nuclear law and technology transferring from developed countries to developing counties based on article 4 of NPT could be positive step in declining of negative environmental effects of probable nuclear accidents.
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