تحول بازنمایی دلبستگی و حساسیت مادرانه

محورهای موضوعی : روان‌شناسی بالینی

شایسته شکوفه فرد ¹ (دکتری دانشگاه شهید بهشتی)
محمدعلی مظاهری ² (استاد دانشگاه شهید بهشتی)
محمود حیدری ³ (دانشیار دانشگاه شهید بهشتی)
پریسا سیدموسوی ⁴ (استادیار دانشگاه شهید بهشتی)

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/08/05 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/08/05 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/04/01

کلید واژه: تحول, حساسیت مادرانه, ایمنی دلبستگی, بازنمایی مادرانه,

چکیده مقاله :

هدف این پژوهش تعیین تغییرات بازنمایی و دلبستگی مادرانه به عنوان عناصر مهم نظام مراقبت‌کنندگی در طول تحول است. 60 زوج مادر و کودک در فاصله سنی 18 تا 60 ماهگی به وسیله پرسشنامه دلبستگی بزرگسال (هازن و شیور، 1987)، مصاحبه مدل درون‎کاری کودک (زینه، بنویت، بارتون، هیرشبرگ و ریگان، 1994)، ابزار درجه‎بندی رفتار مادرانه (پدرسون، موران و بنتو، 1999) و ابزار سنجش دلبستگی کودک (واترز و دینز، 1985) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. داده‌های پژوهش به وسیلة آزمون آماری خی‌دو مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند و تحلیل آماری نشان داد تفاوت چشمگیری میان ارزش مشاهده‌شده و مورد انتظار، در متغیرهای پژوهش در سنین متفاوت وجود دارد. نتایج حاکی از این بود که مادران کودکان 40-36 ماهه در مقایسه با مادران کودکان کوچک‎تر و بزرگ‎تر به احتمال بیشتری بازنمایی نامتعادل و حساسیت پایین نشان دادند. این امر می‌تواند درنتیجة بروز رفتارهای استقلال‎طلبانه و منفی‎گرایانه بیشتر در این دورة سنی و دشواری هماهنگ کردن خود با نیازهای جدید کودک از سوی مادر باشد. درنتیجه، مراقب ممکن است قادر به حفظ نقش خود به عنوان یک پایگاه ایمن، حساس و همگام با سرعت تغییر در کودک نباشد. این یافته تلویحاتی در مورد تأثیر و نقش رابطه مادر ـ کودک طی این دوره تحول بر ایمنی دلبستگی کودک و لزوم مداخلات آموزشی متناسب با سن به مادران دارد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

T his aimed to examine maternal representation and sensitivity changes as key elements of caregiving system during development. Sixty mothers and their children, aged between 18 and 60 months, were assessed using the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), the Working Model of the Child Interview (Zeanah, Benoit, Hirshberg, Barton & Regan, 1994), the Maternal Behavior Q-Sort (Pederson., Moran & Bento, 1999), and the Attachment Q-set (Waters & Deane, 1985) . The results of Chi-Square test indicated significant differences between observed and expected values among the variables in different ages. Mothers of 36-40 month children, in comparison with younger and older children’s mothers, were more likely to show "non-balanced" representation and low sensitivity. This result may be due to emerging negativity and independency during this age period and the mother's difficulty to adjust herself with these behavioral alterations. So caregiver may not be able to maintain her role as a sensitive and secure base as before. These findings suggested the impact of mother-child communication on child attachment security during development and the need to provide mothers with age-appropriate educational interventions.

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