مقایسة وضعیت موجود و مطلوب شاخص‌های توسعه‌یافتگی و خط و مشی گذاری مطلوب آموزش ورزش در مدارس ایران
محورهای موضوعی : رفتار سازمانی در ورزشمعصومه محمدبیگی 1 , شهاب بهرامی 2 , حسین عیدی 3 , کورش ویسی 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه مدیریت ورزشی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران
4 - استادیار گروه مدیریت ورزشی واحد سنندج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنندج، ایران
کلید واژه: وضعیت, آموزش ورزش, خط و مشی گذاری, شاخص‌های توسعه‌یافتگی, مدارس ایران,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از پژوهش حاضر مقایسه وضعیت موجود و مطلوب شاخص‌های توسعه‌یافتگی و خط و مشی گذاری مطلوب آموزش ورزش در مدارس ایران بود. تحقیق حاضر ازلحاظ هدف، کاربردی و ازلحاظ روش. اجرا توصیفی بود. گردآوری اطلاعات به شیوۀ پیمایشی، با استفاده از پرسشنامه‌ی محقق ساخته شاخص‌های توسعه‌یافتگی آموزش ورزش در مدارس ایران استخراج گردید. جامعه آماری این تحقیق شامل کلیه معلمان ورزش مقطع متوسطه اول سه شهر (از سه استان) تهران، کرمانشاه و بندرعباس بود. از روش نمونه-گیری طبقه‌ای تصادفی استفاده شد. تعداد کل جامعه آماری برابر 353 معلم، تعداد نمونه 272 نفر و تعداد پرسشنامه عودت داده‌شده برابر با 232 پرسشنامه بود. با توجه به نتایج آزمون آنوا در وضعیت موجود و مطلوب در سه استان (جداول 3 و 4) مشاهده می‌شود که هر پنج مؤلفه‌ی توسعه‌یافتگی آموزش ورزش در مدارس ایران در استان‌های منتخب دارای تفاوت معنی‌داری می‌باشند. برای آگاهی از تفاوت نگرش بین استان‌ها در وضعیت موجود، از آزمون‌های تعقیبی (LSD) استفاده شد. نتایج این آزمون نشان داد که بین استان تهران با هر دو استان کرمانشاه و هرمزگان (بندرعباس) تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود دارد. بین کرمانشاه و هرمزگان نیز این تفاوت معنی‌دار بود (05/0 ≥ P). همچنین میانگین وضعیت موجود 34/2=M و میانگین در مورد وضع مطلوب 19/3= M است که نشان می‌دهد که این دو میانگین به لحاظ آماری در سطح 01/0 P تفاوت معنی‌داری دارند، یعنی معلمان نسبت به وضع موجود ابراز نگرانی بالاتری دارند. در ادامه خط و مشی‌هایی برای برون‌رفت از وضعیت موجود ارائه‌شده است.
Comparison of the current and favorable situation of development indicators and favorable policy and policy of sports education in Iranian schools Abstract The aim of the present study was to compare the current and favorable situation of development indicators and optimal policy and policy of sports education in Iranian schools. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of implementation method. Data collection was conducted by survey method, using a researcher-made questionnaire, indicators of the development of sports education in Iranian schools. The statistical population of this study included all high school sports teachers in three cities (from three provinces) Tehran, Kermanshah and Bandar Abbas. Random stratified sampling method was used. The total number of statistical population was 353 teachers, the number of sample was 272 and the number of returned questionnaires was equal to 232 questionnaires. According to the results of the ANOVA test in the current and favorable situation in the three provinces (Tables 3 and 4), it can be seen that all five components of the development of sports education in Iranian schools in the selected provinces have significant differences. Post-test (LSD) was used to know the difference in attitudes between the provinces in the current situation. The results of this test showed that there is a significant difference between Tehran province and both Kermanshah and Hormozgan provinces (Bandar Abbas). This difference was also significant between Kermanshah and Hormozgan (P 05 0.05). Also, the mean of the current situation is M = 2.34 and the mean of the desired situation is M = 3.19, which shows that these two means are statistically significantly different at the level of P<0.01, ie teachers compared to They are more concerned about the current situation. Here are some ways to get out of the current situation.Keywords: Indicators of development, policy-making, sports education, Iranian schools, situation
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Azmoon, J. (2014). Moving from methods to teaching patterns to physical education; choice or necessity? Developmental Physical Education, 14 (4): 12-17. (Persian)
BazarganHarandi, A. (2018). An Introduction to Qualitative and Mixed Research Methods: Conventional Approaches in the Behavioral Sciences. Meet the publication: 20-27. (Persian)
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Cai, J., Wang, T. (2010). Conceptions of effective mathematics teaching within a cultural context: perspectives of teachers from China and the United States. J Math Teacher Educe, 13:265–287.
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Chen, J. (2016). Exploring middle school students’ and parents’ conceptions of excellent teaching. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 36(4): 570–582.doi:10.1080/02188791.2015.1005052
Chen, J., Wu, D., Cheng, J., Fu, B., Zhang, L., Lu, A. (2017). Application of MOOC Teaching in Sports Course Teaching Practice. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(12): 8089-8097. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/80770
Chen, S., Xiao, R. (2017). Influence Factors and Strategies of Teacher-Student Interactive Behaviors in Sports Class Teaching. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(10):7025-7036. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/78717
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Corbin, J., Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications: 298.
Darling-Hammond, L. & Youngs, P. (2002).Defining “highly qualified teachers:” what does “scientifically-based research” actually tell us? Educational Researcher: 31(13).
Dilekli, Yalçın, Tezci, Erdoğan. (2016). The relationship among teachers’ classroom practices for teaching thinking skills, teachers’ self-efficacy towards teaching thinking skills and teachers’ teaching styles. Thinking Skills and Creativity, (21): 144-151.
Eshraq, A, Kabiri, Z. (2014). The Hierarchy of Teaching Physical Education Lessons. Development of Physical Education Education, 15 (1): 16-19. (Persian)
FathiAzar. E. (2012). Teaching Methods and Techniques. Second Edition, Tabriz: Tabriz University Press. P 58. (Persian)
Fauee, O., Jamalis, M., Yusef, A, Zarina, M., and Omar, Dev. (2009). College student's perception on physical education classes during school days. European Journal of Social Sciences, 7(4): 69-76
Fullan L (1999). The management of sport (Its foundation and application). Temple University: 125.
Gavadipor, A. (2006). Designing and validating a desirable model of Iranian elementary school curriculum. Research in Iranian Sport Sciences, Institute of Physical Education. 12:71-86. (Persian)
Ghorchians, N., Maleki, F. S. (2016). Curriculum in the education system with emphasis on interdisciplinary approaches. Publisher: Meshkooh Danesh: 9 - 44. (Persian)
Glaser, B. G., Strauss, A. L. (2008). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research (3rd Ed.). New Brunswick, NJ: Aldine Transaction.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2011). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3): 414–433.
Hamidi, M; Vahdani, H; Khabiri, M; Alidoost, E. (2017). Formulating strategies for physical education and sports activities of the Ministry of Education, Family and Research, 14 (34), 33-50. (Persian)
Hattie, J. (2009). Visible learning: A synthesis of 800 meta-analyses on achievement. London: Routledge
Heinze, K. L., & Zdroik, J. (2018). School board decision-making and the elimination of sport participation fees. Sport, Education and Society, 23(1), 53-67.
Husain, M. Z., Hasan, A., Wahab, N. B. A., Jantan, J. (2015). Determining Teaching Effectiveness for Physical Education Teacher. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences: 172, 733 –740.doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.426
Jahandideh, M. A, Lotfi, Gh. (2016). Collaborative Learning, a New Approach to Physical Education Training. Development of Physical Education Education, 16 (3): 12-15. (Persian)
Jarvis, C. B., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, P. M. (2003). A Critical Review of Construct Indicators and Measurement Model Misspecification in Marketing and Consumer Research. Journal of Consumer Research, 30(2):199–218. Doi: 10.1086/376806
Kaiser, G., Vollstedt, M. (2007). Teachers’ views on effective mathematics teaching: commentaries from a European perspective. ZDM Math Educ: 39:341–348
Katouzian, B., Mirzazadeh, Z. S., AzKerasoli, G. (2017). Qualitative Dynamics and Research Design: Choosing From Five Approaches (Narrative Studies, Phenomenology, Fundamental Data Theory, Ethnography, Case Study). Translated by: Danaeifard, Hassan, Eshraqi-Saffar Publications: 25. (Persian)
Loghmani, M., Gholidahaneh, M., Hassannejad, M. (2018). The Effect of Physical Educator's Teaching Styles on Student's Goal Orientation. Research on Educational sport, 6(15): 53-72. (Persian)
Meng, L., Muñoz, M. A., Wu, D. (2016). Teachers’ perceptions of effective teaching: a theory-based exploratory study of teachers from China. Educ Psychol, 2016; 36:461–480
Mogharabalahi, Z. (2012). Modern teaching methods, 4(5): 48-77. (Persian)
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Omidighanbari, R. Derakhan, N. (2017). Analysis of Factors Influencing Quality of Physical Education Course in Secondary Schools from the Perspective of Sport Teachers. 3rd National Conference on Sport Science and Physical Education of Iran. (Persian)
PorShakori, F. Movahedi, A. (2011). The Impact of Childhood and Modern Games on the Growth of Primary Girl Students. Journal of Motor - Sport Development and Learning, 7: 147-164. (Persian)
Quennerstedt, M., Ohman, M., Eriksson, C. (2008). Physical education in Sweden a national evaluation. School of Health and Medical science, Orebro University, educate online: 1-17.
raiola, g., di tore, p. a. (2017). Motor learning in sports science: different theoretical frameworks for different teaching methods. Sport science 10 (2017) suppl 1: 50-56.
Razavi, M. H., Rouhani, Z, Firouzabadi, A. (2014). An Analysis of Factors Affecting Promotion of Physical Education Course in Schools, Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 10 (19): 69-80. (Persian)
Shang, H. (2018). Research on Innovation Teaching of Physical Education in College. Proceedings of the 2018 2nd International Conference on Management, Education and Social Science (ICMESS 2018). https://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmess-18.2018.335.
Smith, M. A., Pierre, P. (2009). Secondary students' perceptions of enjoyment in physical education: an American and English perspective, Physical Educator, 66(4):81-89.
Sobhani Nezhad, M; Najafi, H; NorAbadi, S. (2017). Concept of Excellence and Critique of its Status in the Basic Document of the Education of Iran, National Studies, 18 (2), 25-44. (Persian)
Song, H. (2019). Application of the Concept of "Constructivism" in the Teaching of Physical Education Theory Taking the Theoretical Course of Leisure Sports Major as an Example. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Culture, Education and Economic Development of Modern Society (ICCESE 2019). https://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccese-19.2019.211.
Sorkkila, M., Aunola, K., & Ryba, T. V. (2017). A person-oriented approach to sport and school burnout in adolescent student-athletes: The role of individual and parental expectations. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 28, 58-67.
Taslimi, Z., Babooee, H. (2018). Coordinated and Focused Evaluation of Physical Education in Schools: A Qualitative Study, Research on Educational sport, 6(14): 45-66. (Persian)
Watkins, D. A. & Zhang, Q. (2006). The good teacher: a cross-cultural perspective. In D. McInerney, M. Dowson, & S. van Etten (Eds.), Effective schools (pp. 185-204). Greenwich: Connecticut Information Age Publishing.
Witcher, A. E. Onwuegbuzie, A. J. & Minor, L. C. (2001).Characteristics of effective teachers: perceptions of preservice teachers. Research in the Schools, 8(2): 5-45
Yaghobi, Y. GholiporMoghadam, F. (2012). Investigating the Characteristics of Effective Teaching from the Viewpoints of Langrood Nursing and Midwifery Students. Research in Medical Education. 492): 34-40. (Persian)
Zandi, B. Farahani, A. (2008). A Comparative Study of the Status of Physical Education in Iran with American and Canadian Countries. Journal of Motor Science and Sport. 6912): 97-109. (Persian)
_||_Assadians, S., Piri, M., Saadatfar, M. (2017). Effective Teaching in Higher Education Based on Teachers' Professional Experiences and its Relation to Self-Reporting Teaching. Higher Education Curriculum Studies Quarterly, 8 (15): 134-113. (Persian)
Azmoon, J. (2014). Moving from methods to teaching patterns to physical education; choice or necessity? Developmental Physical Education, 14 (4): 12-17. (Persian)
BazarganHarandi, A. (2018). An Introduction to Qualitative and Mixed Research Methods: Conventional Approaches in the Behavioral Sciences. Meet the publication: 20-27. (Persian)
Cai, J., Wang, T. (2010). Conceptions of effective mathematics teaching within a cultural context: perspectives of teachers from China and the United States. J Math Teacher Educe, 13:265–287.
Cai, J., Wang, T. (2010). Conceptions of effective mathematics teaching within a cultural context: perspectives of teachers from China and the United States. J Math Teacher Educe, 13:265–287.
Chen, J. (2007). Teachers’ conceptions of excellent teaching in middle schools in the north of China. Asia Pacific Education Review, 8(2), 288-297. Doi: 10.1007 / BF03029263
Chen, J. (2016). Exploring middle school students’ and parents’ conceptions of excellent teaching. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 36(4): 570–582.doi:10.1080/02188791.2015.1005052
Chen, J., Wu, D., Cheng, J., Fu, B., Zhang, L., Lu, A. (2017). Application of MOOC Teaching in Sports Course Teaching Practice. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(12): 8089-8097. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/80770
Chen, S., Xiao, R. (2017). Influence Factors and Strategies of Teacher-Student Interactive Behaviors in Sports Class Teaching. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(10):7025-7036. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/78717
Christensen, M. K., & Sørensen, J. K. (2009). Sport or school? Dreams and dilemmas for talented young Danish football players. European Physical Education Review, 15(1), 115-133.
Corbin, J., Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications: 298.
Darling-Hammond, L. & Youngs, P. (2002).Defining “highly qualified teachers:” what does “scientifically-based research” actually tell us? Educational Researcher: 31(13).
Dilekli, Yalçın, Tezci, Erdoğan. (2016). The relationship among teachers’ classroom practices for teaching thinking skills, teachers’ self-efficacy towards teaching thinking skills and teachers’ teaching styles. Thinking Skills and Creativity, (21): 144-151.
Eshraq, A, Kabiri, Z. (2014). The Hierarchy of Teaching Physical Education Lessons. Development of Physical Education Education, 15 (1): 16-19. (Persian)
FathiAzar. E. (2012). Teaching Methods and Techniques. Second Edition, Tabriz: Tabriz University Press. P 58. (Persian)
Fauee, O., Jamalis, M., Yusef, A, Zarina, M., and Omar, Dev. (2009). College student's perception on physical education classes during school days. European Journal of Social Sciences, 7(4): 69-76
Fullan L (1999). The management of sport (Its foundation and application). Temple University: 125.
Gavadipor, A. (2006). Designing and validating a desirable model of Iranian elementary school curriculum. Research in Iranian Sport Sciences, Institute of Physical Education. 12:71-86. (Persian)
Ghorchians, N., Maleki, F. S. (2016). Curriculum in the education system with emphasis on interdisciplinary approaches. Publisher: Meshkooh Danesh: 9 - 44. (Persian)
Glaser, B. G., Strauss, A. L. (2008). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research (3rd Ed.). New Brunswick, NJ: Aldine Transaction.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2011). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3): 414–433.
Hamidi, M; Vahdani, H; Khabiri, M; Alidoost, E. (2017). Formulating strategies for physical education and sports activities of the Ministry of Education, Family and Research, 14 (34), 33-50. (Persian)
Hattie, J. (2009). Visible learning: A synthesis of 800 meta-analyses on achievement. London: Routledge
Heinze, K. L., & Zdroik, J. (2018). School board decision-making and the elimination of sport participation fees. Sport, Education and Society, 23(1), 53-67.
Husain, M. Z., Hasan, A., Wahab, N. B. A., Jantan, J. (2015). Determining Teaching Effectiveness for Physical Education Teacher. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences: 172, 733 –740.doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.426
Jahandideh, M. A, Lotfi, Gh. (2016). Collaborative Learning, a New Approach to Physical Education Training. Development of Physical Education Education, 16 (3): 12-15. (Persian)
Jarvis, C. B., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, P. M. (2003). A Critical Review of Construct Indicators and Measurement Model Misspecification in Marketing and Consumer Research. Journal of Consumer Research, 30(2):199–218. Doi: 10.1086/376806
Kaiser, G., Vollstedt, M. (2007). Teachers’ views on effective mathematics teaching: commentaries from a European perspective. ZDM Math Educ: 39:341–348
Katouzian, B., Mirzazadeh, Z. S., AzKerasoli, G. (2017). Qualitative Dynamics and Research Design: Choosing From Five Approaches (Narrative Studies, Phenomenology, Fundamental Data Theory, Ethnography, Case Study). Translated by: Danaeifard, Hassan, Eshraqi-Saffar Publications: 25. (Persian)
Loghmani, M., Gholidahaneh, M., Hassannejad, M. (2018). The Effect of Physical Educator's Teaching Styles on Student's Goal Orientation. Research on Educational sport, 6(15): 53-72. (Persian)
Meng, L., Muñoz, M. A., Wu, D. (2016). Teachers’ perceptions of effective teaching: a theory-based exploratory study of teachers from China. Educ Psychol, 2016; 36:461–480
Mogharabalahi, Z. (2012). Modern teaching methods, 4(5): 48-77. (Persian)
Niu, J. (2017). The Present Situation and the Development Research of Sports Teaching in China's Colleges and Universities. 2017 International Conference on Advanced Education, Psychology and Sports Science: 133.
Omidighanbari, R. Derakhan, N. (2017). Analysis of Factors Influencing Quality of Physical Education Course in Secondary Schools from the Perspective of Sport Teachers. 3rd National Conference on Sport Science and Physical Education of Iran. (Persian)
PorShakori, F. Movahedi, A. (2011). The Impact of Childhood and Modern Games on the Growth of Primary Girl Students. Journal of Motor - Sport Development and Learning, 7: 147-164. (Persian)
Quennerstedt, M., Ohman, M., Eriksson, C. (2008). Physical education in Sweden a national evaluation. School of Health and Medical science, Orebro University, educate online: 1-17.
raiola, g., di tore, p. a. (2017). Motor learning in sports science: different theoretical frameworks for different teaching methods. Sport science 10 (2017) suppl 1: 50-56.
Razavi, M. H., Rouhani, Z, Firouzabadi, A. (2014). An Analysis of Factors Affecting Promotion of Physical Education Course in Schools, Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 10 (19): 69-80. (Persian)
Shang, H. (2018). Research on Innovation Teaching of Physical Education in College. Proceedings of the 2018 2nd International Conference on Management, Education and Social Science (ICMESS 2018). https://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmess-18.2018.335.
Smith, M. A., Pierre, P. (2009). Secondary students' perceptions of enjoyment in physical education: an American and English perspective, Physical Educator, 66(4):81-89.
Sobhani Nezhad, M; Najafi, H; NorAbadi, S. (2017). Concept of Excellence and Critique of its Status in the Basic Document of the Education of Iran, National Studies, 18 (2), 25-44. (Persian)
Song, H. (2019). Application of the Concept of "Constructivism" in the Teaching of Physical Education Theory Taking the Theoretical Course of Leisure Sports Major as an Example. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Culture, Education and Economic Development of Modern Society (ICCESE 2019). https://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccese-19.2019.211.
Sorkkila, M., Aunola, K., & Ryba, T. V. (2017). A person-oriented approach to sport and school burnout in adolescent student-athletes: The role of individual and parental expectations. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 28, 58-67.
Taslimi, Z., Babooee, H. (2018). Coordinated and Focused Evaluation of Physical Education in Schools: A Qualitative Study, Research on Educational sport, 6(14): 45-66. (Persian)
Watkins, D. A. & Zhang, Q. (2006). The good teacher: a cross-cultural perspective. In D. McInerney, M. Dowson, & S. van Etten (Eds.), Effective schools (pp. 185-204). Greenwich: Connecticut Information Age Publishing.
Witcher, A. E. Onwuegbuzie, A. J. & Minor, L. C. (2001).Characteristics of effective teachers: perceptions of preservice teachers. Research in the Schools, 8(2): 5-45
Yaghobi, Y. GholiporMoghadam, F. (2012). Investigating the Characteristics of Effective Teaching from the Viewpoints of Langrood Nursing and Midwifery Students. Research in Medical Education. 492): 34-40. (Persian)
Zandi, B. Farahani, A. (2008). A Comparative Study of the Status of Physical Education in Iran with American and Canadian Countries. Journal of Motor Science and Sport. 6912): 97-109. (Persian)
