تهیه و شناسایی نانوذره¬های نیکل اکسید به¬عنوان کاتالیست برای واکنش‌های آلدول نامتقارن
الما هاشم زاده
1
(
دانشجوی دکتری دانشکده شیمی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
)
فریبا تدین
2
(
دانشیار دانشکده شیمی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
)
مژگان الهیاری
3
(
استادیار مجتمع تحقیقات و تولید، انستیتو پاستور ایران، کرج، ایران.
)
کلید واژه: واکنش آلدول, کاتالیست ناهمگن, نانوذره¬های نیکل اکسید, طراحی مرکب مرکزی.,
چکیده مقاله :
واکنش‌های تراکم آلدول ترکیبهای بتا-هیدروکسی‌کربونیل فعال نوری را تولید میکند که بهطورگسترده برای تولید واسطههای داروهای پادفشارخون و پادکنشگرهای کلسیم استفاده میشوند. در مطالعه حاضر، نانوذرههای نیکل اکسید بهعنوان یک کاتالیست کارآمد با روش سل-ژل برای واکنش آلدول سنتز شد. مشخصهیابی کاتالیست تهیه شده با میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی گسیل میدانی (FESEM)، میکروسکوپ الکترونی عبوری (TEM) و پراش پرتو ایکس (XRD) انجام گرفت. کارایی کاتالیستی نانوذرههای نیکل اکسید در واکنش آلدول با یک روش سازگار با محیطزیست بررسی شد. بدین ترتیب که از نانوذرههای حاوی مرکز NiO بهعنوان اسید لوئیس در واکنش‌های آلدول نامتقارن، استفاده شد و مشخص شد بازده فراوردههای آلدول مربوط، به مقدار چشمگیری افزایش مییابد. همچنین، کاتالیست موردنظر را با تخلیه مغناطیسی میتوان بازیافت کرد و از آن در واکنش‌های متوالی بدون از دست‌دادن کارایی قابل‌توجه استفاده کرد. حلالهای متفاوت ارزیابی شدند که از میان آنها، آب در دمای محیط بهترین بازده واکنش (۸۲ درصد) را نسبت به سایر حلالهای آلی داشت. روش سطح‌پاسخ برپایه طراحی مرکب مرکزی برای بهینهسازی عامل‌های تجربی واکنش آلدول و همچنین، بررسی برهمکنش بین عامل‌ها به‌کارگرفته شد. بررسی نتیجهها نشان داد در دمای 25 درجه سلسیوس، مقدار کاتالیست 30 میلیمول و زمان تماس ۵ ساعت، بالاترین کارایی (مقدار واقعی: ۸۱ درصد، مقدار پیشبینی شده: ۹۴/۸۰ درصد) بهدست آمد. در مقایسه با سایر مطالعهها، نانوذرههای نیکل اکسید با آب بهعنوان یک حلال دوستدار محیطزیست در زمان کوتاهتری توانستند هیدروکسیکتونهایی با بازده بالا تولید کنند.
چکیده انگلیسی :
Aldol condensation reactions produce photoactive beta-hydroxycarbonyl compounds that are widely used to produce intermediates of antihypertensive drugs and calcium antagonists. In the present study, nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) were synthesized as an efficient catalyst using sol-gel method for aldol reaction. The characterization of the synthesized nanocatalyst was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The catalytic performance of nickel oxide nanoparticles in the aldol reaction was investigated using an environmentally friendly method. In this way, nanoparticles containing NiO center were used as a Lewis acid in asymmetric aldol reactions, and it was found that the yield of the corresponding aldol products increased significantly. Also, the desired catalyst can be recovered by magnetic discharge and used in successive reactions without significant loss of efficiency. Different solvents were evaluated, among them, water at ambient temperature had the best reaction efficiency (82%) compared to other organic solvents. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the experimental factors of aldol reaction and also to investigate the interaction between parameters. Examining the results showed that at a temperature of 25 °C, the amount of catalyst of 30 mmol, and the contact time of 5 h, the highest performance (actual value: 81%, predicted value: 80.94%) was obtained. Compared to other studies, NiO NPs with water as an environmentally friendly solvent were able to produce hydroxyketones with high efficiency in a shorter time
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