مطالعه ساختار تشریحی اندام های رویشی، تکوین گل و رویانزایی در گیاه Cichorium endivia L.
محورهای موضوعی :
زیست شناسی سلولی تکوینی گیاهی و جانوری ، تکوین و تمایز ، زیست شناسی میکروارگانیسم
پریسا جنوبی
1
,
بیتا باهنر
2
,
پریسا بنیابادی
3
1 - گروه علوم گیاهی دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران
2 - گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران
3 - گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/10/22
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/06/30
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/05/01
کلید واژه:
میکروسپورزایی,
تکوین گرده,
گیاه اندیو,
مریستم انتهایی,
چکیده مقاله :
اندیو ((Cichorium endivia گیاهی از تیره Asteracea می‌باشد. بمنظور بررسی ساختار تشریحی و تکوین اندامهای زایشی، نمونه های گیاهی از مزارع اطراف کرج، جمع‌آوری شدند. اندام های رویشی در محلول الکل-گلیسرین تثبیت شد. مریستم راس و گل‌های این گیاه در مراحل مختلف نموی از غنچه‌ی ریز تا گل کامل در محلول 70 FAA تثبیت و برای مطالعه میکروسکوپی رنگ آمیزی شدند. اندامهای رویشی در گیاه اندیو از نوع دولپه‌ای می باشند. در برش عرضی ساقه دستجات ابکش بر روی چوب قرار گرفته است. در برش عرضی برگ در منطقه رگبرگ اصلی، اپیدرم فوقانی و تحتانی بافت پارانشیمی و هادی را در بر گرفته است و بافت مزوفیلی فقط از نوع پارانشیم اسفنجی می‌باشد. در برش طولی از مریستم راس ساقه لایه تونیکا در سطح بیرونی و کورپوس در بخش زیرین آن قرار گرفته است و همچنین یک مرحله گذر از مریستم رویشی به زایشی مشاهده می گردد.در این گیاه بساک چهارخانه‌ای و تترادها دارای آرایش چهاروجهی می‌باشند، تاپی نیز در آغاز نمو بساک ترشحی و در پایان از نوع آمیبی است. دانه گرده بالغ کروی و دو هسته‌ای می‌باشد. نمو تخمک با تشکیل پریموردیوم تخمکی شروع شده و رویان کروی، چماقی، اژدری، قلبی و لپه‌ای نیز مشاهده گردید. دانه گرده از نوع سه منفذی بوده و آرایش اگزین آن از نوع خاردار می‌باشد. مراحل رویانزایی مشاهده شده نیز، مشابه با دیگر گیاهان دولپه ایی می باشد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Introduction: Cichorium endivia is a plant belonging to the family Asteracea. This family with global high distribution, is one of the largest plant family. Since there is no study endive plant in Iran, the present study was to investigate the anatomy and evolution of this plant. Materials and methods: Cichorium endivia is located on the outskirts of Karaj were identified fields and in November 2013 were collected. The vegetative organs were fixed in alcohol-glycerin. This plant flowers in different developmental stages of tiny bud to full flower in the solution 70FAA fixed and were stained for microscopic study. Results: Cichorium endivia vegetative organs is a kind of dicotyledon. Cichorium endivia anther 4-locular, the tetragonal tetrad arrangement and tapetum at the beginning of anther development of secretory and in the end, is amoebic. Mature pollen grains are spherical and two nuclear. Egg development begins with the formation of egg Prymordium. Globular embryo, clubbing, torpedoes, heart and cotyledon were observed. Discussion and Conclusions: Evaluation of anatomical structures of vegetative and reproductive organs showed that the Endive have dicotyledons general features. Pollen grains is from type three-pore. Exine arrangements is acanthaceous type. Observed stages of embryogenesis, the factors is a similarity with the other dicotyledonous.
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Chehregani, A Mohsenzadeh, F Ghanad M (2011) Male and female gametophyte development in cichorium intybus
International Jounal of Developmental Biology vol1, No3.
Nielson I, Nordic Journal of Botany: Bremer,k.1994 Asteraceae: cladistics and classification .Nordic journal of Botany 14(4): 462-463
Cisneros, A., R.B. Garcia, and N. Tel-Zur, Ovule morphology, embryogenesis and seed development in three Hylocereus species (Cactaceae). Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 2011. 206(12): p. 1076-1084.
Zargari, A., Medicinal plants. 1997: Tehran University ,100-105
Mohamed, M., Amany A, S, and Amel M, S., Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Cichorium endivia L. leaves extract against acetaminophen toxicity on rats. Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2011. 2(12): p. 1273-1279.
Harris s, E.M., Inflorescence and Floral Ontogeny in Asteraceae: A Synthesis of Historical and Current Concepts. Vol. 61. 1995, Department, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5125.USA
Kuklina, E.A., Flower development of greenhouse chrysanthemum. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 2003. 45 (1): p. 173 -176.
Martin, E., M. Dinc, and A. Duran, Karyomorphological study of eight Centaurea L. taxa (Asteraceae) from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 2009. 33(2): p. 97-104.
p, Majd A, jamali M (2014) the comparative study of anatomical structure of stem and ovule development of four cultiuars of Glycine maxl. Merr in water deficit stress 35-52.
Saffari p, Majd A, jonoubi p, Najafi f (2020) study on the reproductive organs development and embryological features of Agrimonia eupatoria L. (Rosaceae) Botany Letters 3-13.
Aminsalehi M, Jonoubi P, Razavi k, zeynipour M. 2019 Micro Propagation of (Rosa hybrid L.cv.Maurossia) and comparative anatomy of vegetative organs in vivo and invitro plants. Journal of Developmental Biology, 11:59-72.
Safari P, Majd A, Jonoubi P, Najafi F.2021 Study of the vegetative structure of Agrimonia eupatoria L. in the in vivo and in vitro plants j. of developmental biology.
Majd، A Mohajer M Jonoubi P Study of Anatomical structure of vegetative organs and developmental stages of female reproductive organs in Rudbeckiahirta L. J.of developmental biology, 2014 No :26
Majd, A Roustaee Z, Nejhad Sattari T Arabian S. ( 2017) The developmental study vegetative and generative organs of Cannabis sativa J.of Developmental Biology vol:9 NO:3
Kelij S, Kazemian R (2017) Sesame Seed germination and anatomical Change, influenced to Silver nanoparticles plaet research yaurnal Vol:30 No:4 899-909
Perillis, Dimambro R, Sabatini S 2012. Growth and development of the root apical meristem current opinion in plant biology 1s: 17-21.
Fan A, Plant Anatomy. 1393 20 -25.
Chalabian F, plant morphology and anatomy. 1390, 40-45.
Amini g, Irian s, bahonar b .Study of Anatomical structure of vegitative organs of Fragaria vesca 2013 J. of Biology and Biotechnology vol: 2 No : 2 1-9 [in persian]
. Zimmerman, E., G. Prenner, and A. Bruneau, Floral ontogeny in Dialiinae (Caesalpinioideae: Cassieae), a study in organ loss and instability. South African Journal of Botany, 2013. 89(0): p. 188-209.
.Ghahreman, A., Basic botany. Vol. 1-2. 1994, Tehran: Tehran University
. Shirkhani Z, Chehregani A ,( 2019 ) Sporogenesis and gametophytes development in Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae) 98:283–295.
Esmaili E, Jonoubi P, Study of Anatomical structure and developmental stages of Gaillardia aristate and probable effects of its allellopaty on germination of other plants of developmental Biologyو 7-9.
Blackmore, S., et al., Pollen wall development in flowering plants. New Phytol, 2007. 174(3): p. 483-98.
Rowley, J. R. and J. J. Skvarla, Pollen development in Epilobium (Onagraceae): From microspore mitosis to formation of the intine. Grana, 2007. 46(3): p. 130-139.
Sheikhbahaaei, N., Rezanejad, F., Mirtadzadini, SM., The morphological and anatomical studies of inflorescence and male flower in Pycnocycla nodiflora. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, 2014. 19: p. 73-96.
