Analysis of Factors Affecting Adoption and Application of Sprinkler Irrigation by Farmers in Famenin County, Iran

محورهای موضوعی : Environmental policy and management

Hassan Afrakhteh ¹ , Maryam Armand ² , Fatemeh Askari Bozayeh ³

1 - Professor in the Department of Rural Planning, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2 - PhD Student of Rural Planning, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
3 - PhD Student of Rural Planning, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/05/14 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/05/14 تاریخ انتشار : 1394/03/11

کلید واژه: adoption, Sprinkler Irriga-tion, beneficiaries, Famenin County,

چکیده مقاله :

Due to its location in the dry belt, the vast country of Iran has always been faced with the problem of water shortages. In such a climate one should take measures to increase the productivity and improve the efficiency of irrigation through expansion of water-conserving technology in the agricultural sector, as this is the largest and most important consumer of water. Therefore this study aimed at investigating factors affecting the adoption and application of sprinkler irrigation technology by farmers in the county of Famenin, Iran. Survey research was the dominant approach. The statistical population consisted of farmers in the Famenin County, and, using Cochran’s formula, 280 of them were selected through multi-stage stratified random-sampling equally among adopters and non-adopters. In order to assess the validity of the questionnaire the opinions of experts were used and to measure the reliability of the questionnaire Cronbach’s alpha statistic was used (82%). The results showed the adoption of sprinkler irrigation systems to be influenced by environmental factors such as the area under cultivation, access to water, water quality, and non-environmental factors such as the workforce number in the family, employment diversity, and participation in extension education and courses on agricultural water management. Ultimately the logit model is estimated in this paper. Adopters have also expressed reasons such as failure to adequately train farmers for maintenance after system installation, scientific and practical justifications, lack of availability of efficient repairs, inappropriate design and implementation by companies, low-quality components and fittings, clogging of sprinklers due to salty water, non-compliance with environmental conditions, difficulty using machines, the large area occupied by these systems, transportation, parts shortage, lack of security and the possibility of the theft of parts and fittings, and communal ownership of water resources as their dissatisfaction factors.

چکیده انگلیسی:

سرزمین پهناور ایران به دلیل قرار گرفتن در کمربند خشکی جهان، همواره با مشکل با کم آبی مواجه بوده است. در چنین شرایطی در بخش کشاورزی به عنوان بزرگترین و مهمترین مصرف کننده آب، باید اقداماتی در جهت افزایش بهره وری و بهبود بازده آبیاری از طریق گسترش فناوری های آب اندوز صورت گیرد. از این رو هدف از مطالعه حاضر، بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه و پذیرش آبیاری بارانی از سوی کشاورزان شهرستان فامنین می باشد. رویکرد غالب تحقیق پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری مورد مطالعه شامل کشاورزان شهرستان فامنین است که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، تعداد 280 نفر از آنها از طریق نمونه گیری طبقه ای-تصادفی چند مرحله ای و به تعداد مساوی از میان کشاورزان پذیرنده و نپذیرنده سیستم آبیاری بارانی انتخاب شدند. به منظور سنجش روایی پرسشنامه از نظر کارشناسان مربوطه استفاده شده و برای سنجش پایایی پرسشنامه، آماره آلفای کرونباخ به کار رفته که مقدار آن 82 درصد به دست آمده است. نتایج به دست آمده نشان می دهد که عوامل محیطی از قبیل سطح زیر کشت، وضعیت دسترسی به آب، کیفیت آب و عوامل غیر محیطی از قبیل تعداد نیروی کار خانوادگی، تنوع شغلی، شرکت در دوره های آموزشی و دانش فنی کشاورزان در زمینه مدیریت آب زراعی در پذیرش سیستم آبیاری بارانی تأثیر داشته اند و در نهایت مدل لاجیت تخمین زده شده است. همچنین کشاورزان پذیرنده طرح، عدم توجه به آموزش زارعان در مورد طریقۀ نگهداری بعد از اجرا و توجیه علمی و عملی آنها، در دسترس نبودن تعمیرکاران کارآمد، طراحی و اجرای نامناسب سیستم توسط شرکت ها، کیفیت پایین قطعات و اتصالات، گرفتگی آب پاش ها به دلیل شوری آب، عدم تناسب با شرایط محیطی، دشواری استفاده از ماشین آلات و اشغال مساحت زیاد توسط این سیستم ها، حمل و نقل سیستم، کمبود قطعات، نبود امنیت و سرقت قطعات و اتصالات و مالکیت اشتراکی منابع آب را به عنوان عوامل نارضایتی از تکنولوژی آبیاری بارانی مطرح کرده اند.

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