Consumption Inequality in the Rural Households of Iran
محورهای موضوعی : Circular economy
علیرضا کیخا
1
(استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران)
محمد جواد خسروسرشکی
2
(دکتری علوم اقتصادی، گروه اقتصاد بین الملل دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: Gini Coefficient, Inequality, Quantile Regression,
چکیده مقاله :
This study aims to assess the inequality in consumption among rural households in Iran and identify the contributing factors. Initially, we gauge consumption inequality using household income and expenditure statistics published by the Statistics Center of Iran in 2019. Subsequently, we analyze the impact of significant demographic factors within households, including gender, education, and the generational status of household heads, on consumption inequality. We accomplish this through Gini coefficient analysis and quantile regression. The analysis of the Gini coefficient reveals that age groups and the generational status of household heads provide a more effective representation of the observed inequality within the studied households compared to other demographic features. Employing quantile regression to investigate the asymmetric effects of the mentioned demographic factors on the distribution of households' per capita consumption indicates that various segments of consumption expenditure distribution exhibit asymmetric responses to these factors. Household income has a positive influence on the distribution of household consumption expenditures. However, its impact is 60% greater on the right side of the distribution than on the left side. In cases where the household head is female, per capita expenditures are reduced by one million and three hundred thousand Tomans. Notably, the sign of this coefficient consistently remains negative across different quantiles, albeit with varying magnitudes. Ultimately, households with higher education levels or belonging to older age categories demonstrate greater average per capita expenditures compared to households with lower education levels or younger household heads.
این مطالعه با هدف بررسی نابرابری مصرف خانوارهای روستایی ایران و تعیین عوامل موثر بر آن انجام شده است. ابتدا نابرابری مصرف را با استفاده از آمار درآمد و هزینه خانوار منتشر شده توسط مرکز آمار ایران در سال 1398 اندازه گیری می کنیم و سپس تأثیر عوامل جمعیت شناختی مهم خانوار از جمله جنسیت، تحصیلات و نسل سرپرستان خانوار را بر نابرابری مصرف با استفاده از تحلیل ضریب جینی و رگرسیون چندکی مورد محاسبه قرار می­دهیم. تحلیل ضریب جینی نشان داد که گروه سنی و نسل سرپرستان خانوار در مقایسه با سایر ویژگی های جمعیت شناختی، بیانگر بهتری از نابرابری مشاهده شده در خانوارهای مورد مطالعه است. استفاده از رگرسیون کوانتایل برای بررسی اثرات نامتقارن عوامل جمعیتی مذکور بر توزیع مصرف سرانه خانوارها نشان داد که بخش‌های مختلف توزیع مخارج مصرفی به صورت نامتقارن به این عوامل پاسخ می‌دهند. درآمد خانوار تأثیر مثبتی بر توزیع مخارج مصرفی خانوار دارد، با این حال، اندازه اثر آن در سمت راست توزیع 60 درصد بزرگتر از سمت چپ است. اگر سرپرست خانوار زن باشد، یک میلیون و سیصد هزار تومان از سرانه مخارج خانوار نسبت به خانوار با سرپرست مرد کاسته می شود که علامت این ضریب در چندک­های مختلف منفی است با اینکه اندازه آنها متفاوت است. در نهایت، خانوارهای دارای تحصیلات عالی یا رده‌های سنی بالاتر، میانگین هزینه‌های سرانه بیشتری نسبت به سرپرستان کم تحصیلات یا جوان‌تر دارند.
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