Determinants of Safety and Health Behaviors of Wheat Farmers towards the Use of Chemical Pesticides in Qorveh County
محورهای موضوعی : Education and training
بهرام ایمانی
1
(
Associate Professor, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
)
عبدالمحمد بندری
2
(
M.Sc. Graduate, Agriculture Management, Visiting Researcher, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
)
امید جمشیدی
3
(
استادیار دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران
)
کلید واژه: knowledge, Attitude, Wheat farmers, Chemical Pesticide, Safety and Health Behavior,
چکیده مقاله :
The poisoning of farm workers with pesticides is a common job hazard caused by the application of pesticides, especially in developing countries. Agriculture is directly related to the environment including water resources, and farming behaviors can entail a plethora of positive or negative effects on these vital resources. So, the present study aimed to explore the safety and health behaviors of wheat farmers towards the use of chemical pesticides in Qorveh County in Kurdistan province, Iran. The statistical population of this applied research consisted of all irrigated wheat farmers in the 2019-2020 crop year (N = 1700) in Qorveh County. The sample size was determined to be 170 people by Cochran’s formula, and the random multistage technique was adopted for data collection. The main research instrument was a questionnaire whose content validity was checked by a panel of experts and the average variance extracted (AVE) index. Also, its reliability was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha and the Cumulative Reliability (CR) coefficient. The results of the structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that the variables of the information source, attitude, and knowledge of chemical pesticide application accounted for 79 percent of the variance in the factors affecting the safety and health behaviors of wheat farmers as to the application of these pesticides. Considering the significant relationship that information source, attitude, and knowledge have with safety and health behaviors, it is recommended to hold training courses to familiarize wheat farmers with the hazards of conventional farming practices and the benefits of IPM practices by the organizations in charge, e.g. Agricultural Jihad Organization. This will foster a positive attitude among the farmers to adopt safety and healthy behaviors.
کشاورزی ارتباط مستقیمی با محیط-زیست از جمله منابع آب دارد و رفتارهای کشاورزی می-تواند اثرات مثبت یا منفی فراوانی بر این منابع حیاتی داشته باشد. بنابراین، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی رفتارهای ایمنی و بهداشتی گندمکاران نسبت به استفاده از سموم شیمیایی در شهرستان قروه، استان کردستان، انجام شد. در این تحقیق کاربردی، جامعه آماری را کلیه کشاورزان گندمکار آبی در سال زراعی 1398-1398 (1700 نفر) شهرستان قروه تشکیل دادند. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 170 نفر تعیین شد و برای جمع-آوری داده-ها از روش نمونه-گیری چند مرحله-ای تصادفی استفاده شد. ابزار اصلی تحقیق، پرسشنامه بود که روایی محتوایی آن توسط پانل متخصصان و شاخص میانگین استخراج شده واریانس (AVE) بررسی شد و پایایی آن با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ و ضریب پایایی تجمعی (CR) برآورد شد. نتایج مدل معادلات ساختاری (SEM) نشان داد که متغیرهای منبع اطلاعات، نگرش و آگاهی از کاربرد سموم شیمیایی 79 درصد از تغییرات عوامل مؤثر بر رفتارهای ایمنی و بهداشتی کشاورزان گندمکار را به خود اختصاص داده است. باتوجه به ارتباط معنادار منبع اطلاعات، نگرش و دانش با رفتارهای ایمنی و بهداشتی، برگزاری دوره-های آموزشی برای آشنایی گندمکاران با خطرات شیوه-های کشاورزی مرسوم و مزایای شیوه‌های IPM توسط سازمان-های متولی، از جمله سازمان جهاد کشاورزی توصیه می-شود. این امر باعث ایجاد نگرش مثبت در بین کشاورزان برای تطبیق ایمنی و سلامت و رفتار خواهد شد.
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