Factors Affecting Tomato Farmers' Tendency to Use Iran Good Agricultural Practices (Iran GAPs) in Ardabil Province
محورهای موضوعی : Education and trainingمجتبی سوختانلو 1 , فیاض عصمت 2 , سحر پیرموذن 3
1 - دانشیار، عضو هیأت علمی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل. ایران
2 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
3 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
کلید واژه: Ardabil province, Healthy crop, Iran GAPs, tomato production operation,
چکیده مقاله :
The implementation of Iran GAPs standards in tomato production can have a very important impact on reducing harmful contaminants to achieve a healthy and safe product. The present study investigates the factors affecting farmers' tendency to use Iran GAPs during tomato production operation in Ardabil province, Iran. So, based on Bartlett et al. (2001), 310 tomato farmers were selected from three counties of Parsabad, Kowsar, and Bilesvar using the multi-stage random sampling method. Iran GAPs standards were collected according to the list of standards of the National Standards Organization of Iran for tomatoes. The results show that the majority of farmers (61.3%) are at a low level of the tendency to apply Iran GAPs standards in the tomato production operation. In this regard, the activities of “using minimal chemical pesticides”, “using personal protective equipment”, and “not using empty cans and tanks of pesticides and fertilizers and their safe disposal” were among the last priorities for farmers. Also, the most important factors differentiating farmer groups are observability (0.271), GAPs training courses (0.269), complexity (0.219), farm size (0.198), and relative advantage (0.178), respectively. Establishing a marketing and sales unit in the agricultural centers of the studied counties, holding "farm day" programs and farmers' visits to successful farms, and creating a "Seed Bank" for tomatoes can increase the tendency of farmers to use Iran GAPs.
اجرای استانداردهای ایران گپ (Iran GAPs) در گوجهفرنگی، میتواند تأثیر بسیار مهمی در کاهش آلایندههای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و میکروبیولوژی برای دستیابی به یک محصول سالم و ایمن گردد. بنابراین، مطالعه حاضر عوامل تأثیرگذار بر تمایل کشاورزان به استفاده از Iran GAPs را در مرحله عملیات تولید گوجهفرنگی در استان اردبیل (ایران) بررسی میکند. به روش نمونهگیری چندمرحلهای تصادفی و با کمک جدول بارتلت و همکاران، 310 کشاورز گوجه فرنگی کار از سه شهرستان پارسآباد (165 نفر)، کوثر (82 نفر) و بیلهسوار (63 نفر) انتخاب شدند. استانداردهای Iran GAPs، مطابق فهرست استانداردهای سازمان ملی استاندارد ایران در گوجه فرنگی گردآوری شد. نتایج نشان داد غالب کشاورزان (3/61 درصد) در سطح پایینی از تمایل به بکارگیری استانداردهای Iran GAPs در مرحله تولید گوجه فرنگی قرار دارند. در این زمینه، فعالیتهای استفاده حداقل سموم شیمیایی، استفاده از تجهیزات حفاظت فردی و همچنین عدم استفاده از قوطی و مخازن خالی آفتکشها و کودها و دفع ایمن آنها در اولویتهای آخر کشاورزان قرار داشت. همچنین مهمترین متغیرهای متمایزکننده گروههای کشاورزان به ترتیب شامل مشاهدهپذیری (271/0)، شرکت در دورههای آموزشی (269/0)، پیچیدگی (219/0)، اندازه مزرعه (198/0) و مزیت نسبی (178/0) بدست آمد. تأسیس واحد بازاریابی و فروش در مراکز جهادکشاورزی شهرستانهای مورد مطالعه، برگزاری برنامههای "روزمزرعه" و بازدید کشاورزان از مزارع موفق و ایجاد بانک بذر (Seed Bank) برای گوجه فرنگی میتواند بر تمایل کشاورزان به استفاده از Iran GAPs بیفزاید.
Abedi Sarvestani, A., & Avarand, A. (2019). Farm food safety practices in the North of Iran. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, 9(4), 379-389.
Amekawa, Y., Hongsibsong, S., Sawarng, N., Yadoung, S., & Gebre, G.G. (2021). Producers’ perceptions of public good agricultural practices standard and their pesticide use: The case of Q-GAP for cabbage farming in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Sustainability, 13, 6333.
Annor B. P. (2017). Global GAP standard compliance and profitability: A case study of smallholder pineapple farmers in Akuapem South of Ghana. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, 7(2), 165-177.
Bartlett J.E., Kotrlik J.W., & Higgins, C.C. (2001). Organizational research: determining appropriation sample size in survey research. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 19, 43–50.
Broke, H., Alston, J. M., Gray, R. S., & Sumner, D. A. (2004). Industry-Mandated testing to improve food safety: The new US marketing order for pistachios. German Journal of Agricultural Economics, 53, 334-343.
Clements, D. P., & Bihn, E. A. (2019). The impact of food safety training on the adoption of good agricultural practices on farms. Safety and Practice for Organic Food, 1, 321–344.
Davari Farid, R., Azizi, J., Allahyari, M. S., Damalas, C. A., & Sadeghpour, H. (2019). Marketing mix for the promotion of biological control among small-scale paddy farmers. International Journal of Pest Management, 65(1), 59-65.
Hamerezaee M., Fathi A., Rahimi N., Heidarnejad N., Barzegar L., & Hamdi S. )2016(. The assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of farmers and gardeners to the safety issues when using pesticides in the farms of West Azerbaijan Province. Hozan Journal of Environmental Sciences, 1(2), 30-37.
Hoang, G. H. (2020). Adoption of good agricultural practices by cattle farmers in the Binh Dinh Province of Vietnam. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 24 (4), 151-160.
Iranian National Standardization Organization. (2013). Iran Good Agricultural Practices (Iran GAP)- Tomato. Iranian National Standardization Organization. Namber of 16550, 1st.Edition.
Ko W.H. (2010). Evaluating food safety perceptions and practices for agricultural food handler. Food Control, 21 (4), 450–455.
Lippe, R. S., & Grote, U. (2016). Determinants affecting adoption of GlobalGAP standards: A choice experiment in Thai horticulture. Agribusiness, 33(2), 242-256.
Loan, L., Pabuayon, I., Catelo, S., & Sumalde, Z. (2016). Adoption of good agricultural practice (VietGAP) in the lychee industry in Vietnam. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 8(2), 1-12.
Marak, Z., Tiwari, A., & Tiwari, S. (2019). Adoption of 3D printing technology: an innovation diffusion theory perspective. International Journal of Innovation, 7(1), 87-103
Nadaf Fahmideh, S., Allahyari, M. Sadegh, Damalas, C. A, Daghighi Masouleh, Z., & Ghazi, M. (2017). Predicting adoption of double cropping in paddy fields of northern Iran: a comparison of statistical methods. Paddy and Water Environment, 15, 907-917.
Nayak R., Tobin D., Thomson J., Radhakrishna R., & LaBorde L. (2015). Evaluation of on-farm food safety programming in Pennsylvania: Implications for extension. Extension Journal, 1, 1-9.
Nguyen, L. T., Nanseki, T., & Chomei, Y. (2019). The impact of VietGAHP implementation on Vietnamese households’ pig production. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 22, 7701–7725.
Oo, S. P., & Usami, K. (2020). Farmers’ perception of good agricultural practices in rice production in Myanmar: A case study of Myaungmya District, Ayeyarwady Region. Agriculture, 10(7), 249.
Panahzadeh Parikhani, M., Razzaghi Borkhani, F., Shabanali Fami, H., Motiee, N., & Hosseinpoor, A. (2015). Major barriers to application of good agricultural practices (GAPs) technologies in sustainability of livestock units. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, 5(3), 169-178.
Rezaei R., Mianaji S., & Ganjloo A. (2018). Factors affecting farmers’ intention to engage in on-farm food safety practices in Iran: Extending the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Rural Studies, 60, 152-166.
Rodriguez, M.T., Roberts, T., & Harder, A. (2018). Exploring the influence of innovation characteristics on the adoption of a water and input saving technology in the Jordan Valley: Implications for Community Extension Workers. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education, 25, 81-95.
Rodriguez Baide, J.M. (2005). Barriers to adoption of sustainable agriculture practices in the south: change agent’s perspectives. A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science. In Salem Oregon in the USA.
Rogers, E. (2003). Diffusion of innovations, Free Press, a Division of Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York.
Sanjabi, S., Zarafshani, K., & Mahmoodi, H. (2020). Determining potato production conditions in Miandarband Region of Kermanshah County based on IranGAP standards. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 16(2), 145-161.
Scheinberg, J., Radhakrishna, R. N., & Cutter, C. (2013). Food safety knowledge, behavior, and attitudes of vendors of poultry products sold at Pennsylvania farmers' markets. Extension Journal, 6, 1-12.
Sookhtanlou, M., & Allahyari, M.S. (2021). Farmers’ health risk and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during pesticide application. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 28168–28178.
Vu Thi, H., Nguyen Mau, D., & Santi, S. (2016). Litchi farmers' preference for the adoption of Vietnamese good agricultural practices in Luc Ngan district, Vietnam. Journal of International Society for Southeast Asian Agricultural Sciences, 22(1), 64-76.
Van der Valk, O., & van der Roest, J. (2009). National Benchmarking against GLOBALGAP: Case Studies of Good Agricultural Practices in Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico and Chile; Report 2008-079; The Hague: Wageningen, The Netherlands. Available online: http://edepot.wur.nl/11453 (accessed on 17 August 2021).
Zhou, J., Yan, Z., & Li K. (2016). Understanding farmer cooperatives’ self-inspection behavior to guarantee agriproduct safety in China. Food Control, 59, 320-27.
