Assessment of the Sustainable Rural Livelihoods Assets in Langroud County
محورهای موضوعی : Environmental policy and management
حبیب الله رضادوست
1
(
گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، واحد یادگار امام خمینی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهر ری، ایران
)
علیرضا ااستعلاجی
2
(
گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، واحد یادگار امام خمینی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهر ری، ایران
)
مجید ولی شریعت پناهی
3
(
گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، واحد یادگار امام خمینی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهر ری، ایران
)
کلید واژه: Human Capital, Social capital, Sustainable Livelihoods, financial capital, Natural capital, Physical capital,
چکیده مقاله :
The present descriptive survey aims to analyze sustainable rural livelihood in Langarud County of Guilan province, Iran. The statistical population was composed of all rural people in this county (N=37904). Convenience sampling used to determine sample size (n=180). They were selected by proportionally allocated random sampling method. The research instrument was a self-designed questionnaire whose face and content validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha to be 0.76, implying its reliability. Results showed that among five capitals of sustainable livelihood, social, human, physical, natural and financial capitals were ranked from the first to fifth, respectively. Accordingly, rural people were in the best condition in terms of social capital compared to other capitals. Concerning the level of sustainable livelihood capitals, it is recommended that rural development policies should spur livelihood diversification as a core strategy. In addition, attempts should be made to enhance rural people’s awareness of what they have and to change their attitude towards what they feel in their life and/or they see in nature.
هدف این پژوهش توصیفی- پیمایشی، تحلیل معیشت پایدار روستایی در شهرستان لنگرود استان گیلان است. جامعه آماری شامل تمام روستاییان این شهرستان (38904=N) است که حجم نمونه با استفاده از جدول حداقل حجم نمونه کرجی و مورگان تعیین شد (180=n) و این تعداد با روش نمونهگیری خوشهای متناسب انتخاب شد. ابزار این پژوهش شامل پرسشنامهای محققساخته بود که روایی صوری و محتوایی آن توسط کارشناسان و متخصصان تأیید شد. پایایی آن نیز بر اساس آلفای کرونباخ 76/0 محاسبه شد که بیانگر پایایی ابزار اندازهگیری است. نتایج تحقیق نشان دادکه در بین پنج سرمایه معیشت پایدار، به ترتیب سرمایههای اجتماعی، سرمایه انسانی، سرمایه فیزیکی، سرمایه طبیعی و سرمایه مالی در رتبههای اول تا پنجم قرار گرفتند. مردم روستا از لحاظ سرمایه اجتماعی در مقایسه با سایر سرمایهها از وضعیت بهتری برخوردار بودند. با توجه به سطوح سرمایههای معیشت پایدارف توصیه میشود که سیاستهای توسعه روستایی بهعنوان یک استراتژی اساسی، سبب تنوع معیشت شود. علاوه بر این، باید تلاش شود تا مردم روستا از آنچه در اختیار دارند آگاه شوند و نگرش خود را نسبت به آنچه در زندگی خود و در طبیعت میبینند تغییر دهند.
Alemu, Z. G. (2012). Livelihood strategies in rural South Africa: Implication for poverty reduction. International Association of Agricultural Economics (IAAE). Triennial Conference: Foz do Iguacu, Brazil, 18-24 August P. 1-24.
Barrett, C. B., Reardon, T., & Webb, P. (2001). Nonfarm income diversification and household livelihood strategies in rural Africa: Concepts, dynamics, and policy implications. Food Policy, 26(4), 315-331.
Brown, D. R., Stephens, E. C., Ouma, J. O., Murithi, F. M., & Barrett, C. B. (2006). Livelihood strategies in the rural Kenyan highlands. African Journal of Agriculture and Resource Economics, 1 (1), 1-16.
Coulthard, S., Johnson, D. & McGregor, J. A. (2011). Poverty, sustainability and human wellbeing: A social wellbeing approach to the global fisheries crisis. Global Environmental Change, 21(2), 453-463.
Davies, S., and N. Hossain. 2007. Livelihood adaptation, public action and civil society: A review of the literature. IDS Working Paper No. 57.
Fang, S., & HaiYang, SH. (2012). Relationship analysis between livelihood assets and livelihood strategies: A heihe river basin example. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 4(3), 0265-0274.
Heinemann, E. (2014). Rural poverty’ in V. Desai & R. B. Potter (eds), The companion to development studies. 3rd edition. United Kingdom: Routledge.
Israr, M., & Khan, H. (2010). Availability and access to capitals of rural household in Northern Pakistan. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 26(3), 443- 450.
Kassa, K., & Eshetu, Z. (2014). Situation analysis of rural livelihoods and socioeconomic dynamics for sustainable rural development: The case of legehida woreda district. Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Management, 3(3), 201-208.
Lay, J., & Schuler, D. (2008). Income Diversification and Poverty in a Growing Agricultural Economy: The Case of Ghana. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the German Development Economics Conference, Zürich,Switzerland, No. 39, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/39907.
Little, P. D., Smith, K., Cellarius, B. A., Coppock, D. L., & Barrett, C. B. (2001). Avoiding disaster: Diversification and risk management among East African herders. Development and Change, 32(3), 401-433.
McGregor, D., & Simon, D. (2012). The peri-urban interface: approaches to sustainable natural and human resource use. London: Routledge.
Montazeri, A., Gashtasbi, A., & Vahdani Nia, M. S. (2005). Translation, determination of reliability and validity of the Persian type of standard tools of SF-36. Journal of Payesh, 5 (1), 49-56.
Moteie Langarudi, H. (2003). Rural planning with an emphasis on Iran. Mashhad, Iran: Jahad-e Daneshghahi Press. (In Persian)
NZAID. (2002). Policy statement. New Zealand: New Zealand Agency for International Development (NZAID).
Ros-Tonen, M.A.F., Zaal, F., & Dietz, T. (2005). Reconciling conservation goals and livelihood needs: New forest management perspectives in the 21st century. In: Ros-Tonen, M.A.F. & Dietz, T. (eds) African Forests Between Nature and Livelihood Resources: Interdisciplinary Studies in Conservation and Forest Management Lewiston NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 3-29.
Sadeghzadeh, M., Allahyari, M. S., & Ansari, M. H. (2014). Analysis of sustainability assets of paddy fields in Guilan Province. Rural Development Strategies, 1(2), 87-99. (In Persian)
Sadeghzadeh, M., Allahyari, M. S., Ansari, M. H. and Nejadrezaei, N. (2015). Analysis of paddy fields sustainability in Rasht Township using sustainable livelihood approach. Journal of Agricultural Economics Researches, 6(4), 55-69. (In Persian)
Salvestrin, H. (2006). Sustainable livelihoods approach and community development in practice in engineering organizations., Sydney, University of Technology.
Serrat, Oliver. (2008). The sustainable Livelihoods Approach. Manila A D B.
Shackleton, C., & Shackleton, S. (2004). The importance of non-timber forest products in rural livelihood security and as safety nets: a review of evidence from South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 100(11 & 12), 658-664.
Sharifi, Z., Nooripour, M., & Karamidehkordi, E. (2018). Assessing livelihood capitals and their sustainability in rural households (the Case of the Central District of Dena County). Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 13(2), 51-70.
Shen, F. (2009). Tourism and sustainable livelihoods approach: Application within the Chinese Context. Doctoral thesis, Department of Environmental Management, Lincoln University, United States of America.
Sojasi Qidari, H., Sadeqlu, T., & Shakourifard, E. (2016). Measuring the livelihood properties in rural areas using a sustainable livelihood approach (Case study: Rural areas of Taybad County). Journal of Research & Rural Planning, 5(1), 197-215. (In Persian)
Soltani, A., Angelsen, A., Eid, T., Naieni, M. S. N., & Shamekhi, T. (2012). Poverty, sustainability, and household livelihood strategies in Zagros, Iran. Ecological Economics, 79, 61-63.
Timmermans, G.H. (2004). Rural livelihoods at Dwesa/Cwebe: Poverty, development and natural resource use on the wild coast, South Africa. Maters in Science. Grahamstown: Rhodes University.
Zenteno, M., Zuidema, P. A., de Jong, W., & Boot, R. G. A. (2013). Livelihood strategies and forest dependence: New insights from Bolivian forest communities. Forest Policy and Economics, 26, 12-21.
Zoomers, A. (2014). Rural livelihoods in context of new scarcities, in V. Desai & R. B. Potter (eds), The companion to development studies. 3rd edition. United Kingdom: Routledge.
