Livelihood Resilience to Climate Change in Family Farming System (Case Study: Wheat Farmers’ Mahidasht in Kermanshah)
محورهای موضوعی : Farming Systems
روناک کاکه آذر
1
(کارشناس ارشد توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
حسین اگهی
2
(دانشیار و عضو هیات علمی دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
شهپر گراوندی
3
(استادیار و عضو هیات علمی دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
کلید واژه: Climate Change, Livelihood resilience, Family farming,
چکیده مقاله :
Over 90 percent of the agrarian system in the west of Iran is based on family farming. Thus, rural people in this region are dependent on agricultural resources, pastoral systems, and nonfarm activities for their livelihood, which has heightened their vulnerability to climate change. Therefore, this study aims to measure the livelihood resilience of family farming to climate change in Mahidasht. For this purpose, a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2018. A total of 338 wheat farmers were selected for interview on the basis of a systematic random sampling method. The instrument developed by the Speranza module was translated into the Persian language. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and Cohen's Kappa coefficient. Results revealed that the capacity for learning was improved compared to the other components of livelihood resilience. However, less than half of all participants (44.51) did not have adequate self-organization. Based on the results, the framework proposed for measuring livelihood resilience has a holistic view and can measure all aspects of resilience. It is, thus, recommended to use this framework in the research related to this field. Moreover, livelihood resilience to climate change was found to be influenced by gender, marital status, age, and level of education. Hence, it is recommended to local planners and relevant authorities to consider these differences when developing livelihood resilience plans in the region and design their plans based on these differences.
بیش از 90 درصد نظام های بهره­برداری کشاورزی در غرب ایران مبتنی بر نظام بهره­برداری خانوادگی می باشند. از این رو، مردم روستایی در این منطقه برای امرار معاش خود به منابع کشاورزی ، سیستم­های دامداری و فعالیت­های غیرزراعی وابسته هستند که این امر آسیب پذیری آنها را در برابر تغییرات آب و هوایی افزایش داده است. این پژوهش با هدف اندازه­گیری تاب­آوری معیشتی نظام بهره­برداری خانوادگی در برابر تغییرات آب و هوایی در ماهیدشت انجام شده است. برای این منظور، یک مطالعه توصیفی پیمایشی مقطعی در سال 2018 انجام شد. در مجموع 338 کشاورز گندم کار براساس روش نمونه ­گیری تصادفی سیستماتیک برای مصاحبه انتخاب شدند. پرسشنامه پژوهش براساس مدل اسپرنزا ( Speranz) طراحی شد. پایایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و کوهن کاپا تأیید شد. نتایج نشان داد که ظرفیت یادگیری در مقایسه با سایر مولفه های تاب­آوری معیشتی از وضعیت بهتری برخوردار می باشد. با این حال، کمتر از نیمی از شرکت کنندگان (44.51) از خود سازماندهی کافی برخوردار نبودند. بر اساس یافته­ها، چارچوبی که برای اندازه­گیری تاب­آوری معیشت پیشنهاد شده است، دیدگاه جامعی دارد و می­تواند تمام جوانب تاب­آوری معیشتی را اندازه­گیری کند. بنابراین، توصیه می­شود از این چارچوب در تحقیقات مربوط به این حوزه استفاده شود. علاوه بر این، مشخص شد که تاب­آوری معیشتی در برابر تغییرات آب و هوایی تحت تأثیر جنسیت، وضعیت تأهل، سن و سطح تحصیلات می­باشد. از این رو به برنامه­ریزان محلی و مقامات ذیربط توصیه می­شود هنگام تهیه برنامه­های تاب­آوری معیشتی در منطقه، این چارچوب را در نظر بگیرند و برنامه­های خود را براساس آن طراحی کنند.
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