Factors Influencing the Establishment and Development of a Commercialization System of Research Findings and Determining the Knowledge of Those Involved in the Agricultural Sector of Iran
محورهای موضوعی : Strategic planningسید داود حاجی میررحیمی 1 , مجید ولدان 2
1 - مرکز آموزش عالی امام خمینی ، سازمان تحقیقات ، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO) ، کرج ، ایران
2 - سازمان تحقیقات ، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO) ، کرج ، ایران
کلید واژه: Agricultural research findings, Iranian agricultural research, technology commercialization,
چکیده مقاله :
The agricultural sector is the centerpiece of Iran's economic development and is capable of turning the nation into an industrial country. But, this requires agriculture to become knowledge-intensive whose prerequisites are the commercialization of technological achievements. The present study was carried out by a survey design to identify the effective constructs underpinning the commercialization system of the agricultural research achievements in Iran. The statistical population was composed of faculty members and instructors of institutes for agricultural research and education (IAREs) in Iran. The sample size was determined as 190 people that were taken by the proportional random sampling technique. The face validity of the research instrument was confirmed by 10 experts of research commercialization, and its reliability was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha. The results showed the involvement of three constructs in the process of the establishment and development of commercialization: i.e. ‘motivational-behavioral’, ‘structural-organizational’, and ‘contextual-environmental’. Different groups of membership in knowledge-intensive firms, membership in scientific associations, and participation in startups were significantly distinctive based on the participants’ opinions about commercialization. The level of knowledge and skills of those involved in the process of commercializing research achievements was found to be lower than average. Also according to the results, the respondents needed to be more familiar with technology transfer topics, teamwork techniques, national and international networking technology,science and technology growth parks and centers, intellectual property issues, and methods of successful commercialization of research achievements.
بخش کشاورزی محور توسعه اقتصادی ایران است و قابلیت تبدیل این کشور به یک کشور صنعتی را دارد. این امر منوط به دانش بنیان شدن این بخش است که پیشنیاز آن تجاریسازی دستاورهای فناورانه و نتایج پژوهشهای کشاورزی و تسهیل ورود آنها به مزرعه میباشد. با هدف شناسایی سازههای مؤثر بر استقرار نظام تجاریسازی دستاوردهای تحقیقات کشاورزی در ایران، پژوهشی به روش پیمایشی انجام شد. جامعة آماری شامل اعضای هیأت علمی و مدرسین مراکز تحقیقات کشاورزی ایران بود. حجم نمونه تحقیق 190 نفر تعیین شد و با بهرهگیری از روش نمونهگیری تصادفی با انتساب متناسب تحقیق اجرا شد. برای تأیید اعتبار ظاهری ابزار سنجش از دیدگاه 10 نفر از متخصصین تجاریسازی یافتههای تحقیقاتی و برای تأیید پایایی آنها نیز از آزمون کرونباخ آلفا استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که به ترتیب سه سازه "انگیزشی- رفتاری"، "ساختاری- تشکیلاتی" و "زمینهای- محیطی" در فرایند ایجاد و توسعه نظام تجاریسازی دستاوردهای تحقیقات کشاورزی مؤثر میباشند. عضویت در شرکتهای دانش بنیان، عضویت در انجمنهای علمی و حضور در استارتاپها تأثیر معنیداری بر دیدگاه آزمودنیها داشته است. از طرفی، میزان دانش و مهارت دستاندرکاران فرایند تجاریسازی دستاوردهای پژوهشی کمتر از حد متوسط ارزیابی شده است. همچنین بر اساس نتایج تحقیق پاسخگویان نیاز دارند تا با مباحث انتقال فناوری، فنون کار تیمی، شبکه سازی ملی و بینالمللی فناوری، پارکها و مراکز رشد علم و فناوری و مباحث مالکیت فکری و نحوه تجاریسازی موفق دستاوردهای پژوهشی بیشتری پیدا کنند.
Ansari, M., T., & Sanjabi, M. R. (2013). An analysis of challenges to the commercialization of research from the perspective of the faculty members of Iranian agricultural faculties. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 44(4), 555-568.
Asian and Pacific Center for Technology Transfer (APCTT) (2005). The hand bookof technology transfer; chaptertechnologycommercialization.URL: http://www.technology 4sme.net/ tech_ handbook.aspx
Arabioun, A., Zarnegarian, Y., Dehghan Najmabadi, A., Zarei, H., & Rezazadeh, A. (2012). The need for training entrepreneurship in the commercialization of academic research in the agricultural biotechnology industry. Paper presented at 4th Iranian Conference on Agriculture and Natural Resources Extension and Education Science, 22 August, PP: 62-72, Agricultural Faculty of Tehran University, Karaj. (In Persian)
Badri, A., Gholipour, A., Delavar, A., & Jafari, P. (2009). Qualitative research about the effect of commercialization approach on the traditional academic values. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 2 (2), 63-76. (In Persian)
Bandarian, R. (2010). An analytical approach to what and why independent organizations of research and technology exist. Roshd-e Fanavari, 6 (23), 39-53 (In Persian).
Bezuidenhout, F. R. (2018). Identifying barriers to commercialization of intellectual property at selected South African universities. Mini-dissertation submitted in partial fulfilmentof the requirements for the Master degree of Business Administration at the North-West UniversitySouth African..
Bulsara, H. P., Gandhi, S., & Porey, P. D. (2010). Commercialization of technology innovations and patents: Issues and challenges. Asia-Pacific Tech Monitor, 27(6), 12-18.
Etzkowitz, H. (1998). The harms of entrepreneurial science: Cognitive effects of the new university industry linkage. Research Policy, 27(8), 823-833.
Faraji, F., Rostami, F., Naderi, N., & Khoshkhouy, S. (2019). Explaining sustainable development strategies for agricultural entrepreneurship activities in Kermanshah Province, Iran. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development (IJAMAD), 9(3), 213-227.
Fontana, R., Geunab, A., & Matt, C. M. (2006). Factors affecting university–industry R&D projects: The importance of searching, screening and signaling. Research Policy35,(2), 309– 323.
Gibbons. M. (2002). Globalization and the future of higher education. University of Lava l. Quebec Canada.
Hajimirrahimi, S. D. (2012). Technological achievements of agricultural education: Obstacles and approaches to their commercialization. Speech in "Educational Achievements Commercialization" Meeting. Tehran, Iran: Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization. (In Persian)
Jafarnejad, A., Mohaghar, A., & Ekhtiarzadeh, A. (2012). Identifying the challenges of technology-oriented academic startups in their growth way. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 4 (2), 45-62. (In Persian)
Jahed, H., A., & Arasteh, H., R. (2013). The extra-organizational factors influencing the commercialization of research results. Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education. 19(1), 45-68. (In Persian)
Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) (2005). National report on higher education. Retrieved from http://irphe.ir/FA/National%20Report /1386/ 1386.aspx (in Persian).
Mirbolouk, A., & Safari Alamouti, F. (2008). The process of ideal to market. Human Resource Management in the Oil Industry, 2(2), 47-65. (In Persian)
Moghimi, S., Sedighzadeh, A., Jafarzadeh Kochaki, A., & Nazari, E. (2010). Effect of environmental factors in the commercialization of ideas and research results. Strategic Management Studies, 2, 113-126. (In Persian)
Nadirkhanlou, S., Pourezzat, A. A., Gholipour, A. and Zehtabi, M. (2012). Requirements of knowledge commercialization in universities and academic entrepreneurship. Part of the Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies book series (SIST, volume 18), Innovation through Knowledge Transfer: 179-194.
Namdarian, L., & Naimi-Sadigh, A. (2018). Barriers to commercialization of research findings in humanities in Iran. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 11(3), 487-518.
Parandi, M., Ghahremani, M., Abulghasemi, M., & Farasatkhah, M. (2014). A survey of commercialization barriers of university research results in different majors of fundamental sciences presented in universities of Tehran. Journal of Iranian Higher Education, 6 (4), 83-106. (In Persian)
Pourfateh, N., Naderi, N., & Rostami, F. (2017). Study of the factors affecting commercialization of
agricultural innovation in Kermanshah science and technology park, Iran. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, 7(1), 121-132.
Pourezzat, A., Gholipour, A., & Nadirkhanklou, S. (2011). Representative barriers to academic entrepreneurship and knowledge commercialization at the University of Tehran. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 2 (4), 65-77. (In Persian)
Reddy Metla, C.M. (2007). Entrepreneurship and commercialization: The case of Kansas State University, Unpublished thesis, Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University, USA.
Saida Farhanah, S. (2015). Motivation factors of successful academic research commercialization among Malaysian technical universities. Thesis Submitted to the Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business, University Utara Malaysia, In Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Science Unpublished dissertation.
Samsom, K. J., & Gurdon, M. A. (1993). University scientists as entrepreneurs: A special case of technology transfer and high-tech venturing. Technovation, 13(2), 63-71.
Savari, M., Allah Veisi, M. E. & Mirakzadeh, A. A.(2012).An analyzing students’ willingness to initiate small businesses, Case Study: Agriculture and natural resources graduate students in Razi University, Kermanshah. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 4(43-2), 737-749(In Persian).
Seifoddin, A. (2014). Preface. Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Technology Commercialization. Tehran, Iran: Science and Technology Part, Tehran University. (In Persian)
Siegel, D. S., Waldman, D. A., Atwater, L.E., & Link, A. N. (2003). Commercial knowledge transfers from universities to firms: improving the effectiveness of university–industry collaboration. Journal of High Technology Management Research, 14, 111-330
Stuetzer, M., Obschonka, M., Davidsson, P., & Schmitt-Rodermund, E. (2013). Where do entrepreneurial skills. Applied Economics Letters, 20(12), 1183–1186.
Tahvanainen, A. J., & Nikulainen, T. (2011). Commercialization at Finnish Universities-Researchers Perspectives on the Motives and Challenges of Turning Science into Business, No: 1234, Discussion Papers from The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy.
Tariq Mahmood, N., Sheikh Shahdin, A., & Urahman, T., (2010). Technology achievement index 2009: Ranking and comparative study of nations. Scientometrics, 87(1), 41-62.
Torkiantabar, M., & Hashemi, M. R. (2015). The impact of environmental-organizational factors on the commercialization of scientific research results in the Branches of Lorestan Islamic Azad University. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(6 S6), 326-332.
Unachukwu, G. O. (2009). Issues and challenges in the development of entrepreneurship education in Nigeria. An International Multi-Disciplinary Journal, 3 (5), 213-226.
Valadan, M., & Rezaei, A. (2016). Statistics of research projects and technologies produced by Institutes for Research and Education affiliated to Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization. Tehran: Office of Technology Commercialization and Transfer. (In Persian)
Vanderford, N. L., & Marcinkowski, E. (2015). A case study of the impediments to the commercialization of research at the University of Kentucky. F1000, Research, 4(133).
Ylijoki, O-H.) 2000(.Disciplinary cultures and the moral order of study- A case study of four universities in US. Higher Education, 40, 107-128.
Zakersalehi, G., & Zakerhosseini, A. (2010). A study on the perspectives of managers of scientific centers of Iran about university independence in Iran. Journal of Higher Education, 3 (1), 33-59. (In Persian)
Zarifian, Sh., Pishbahar, E., Adeli Sardoei, M., & Sharifi, O. (2015). Psychological characteristics affecting the entrepreneurship of agricultural students of Tabriz University. Iran Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 11(1), 19-30 (In Persian).
Zieminski, J., & Warda, J. (1999). Paths to Commercialization of University Research -Collaborative Research. 5th Nordic Conference on Small Business (NCSB) Research. Stockholm, Sweden.
