Optimal Cropping Pattern in Afghanistan Considering Environmental Sustainability
محورهای موضوعی : Environmental policy and managementحسین علی سلطانی 1 , الهام خواجه پور 2
1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، ایران
کلید واژه: goal programming, linear programming, Optimal cropping pattern, Pesticides, chemical fertilizers,
چکیده مقاله :
Environmental sustainability is one of the most important considerations in planning and managing agriculture in any country nowadays. Agriculture plays an important role in Afghanistan's economy and employment. Herat province is rich in agricultural production in Afghanistan. To achieve environmental sustainability along with profitability, the present research aimed to develop an optimal cropping pattern for Afghanistan with environmental considerations. The crops studied include wheat, barley, sesame, cumin, and saffron, which accounted for more than 70 percent of the cropping area in Herat province. The goal and linear programming model were used to determine the optimal cropping pattern. The goals of reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides along with maximizing gross margins were used in the goal model with the aim of achieving environmental sustainability. The results of the linear model, aimed at maximizing gross margins, showed that in the optimal pattern of the region, the cultivated area of sesame, barley, and saffron should be increased and the cultivated area of wheat and cumin should be decreased versus the status quo. In addition, the results of goal models in different scenarios showed significant changes in comparison to the current cropping pattern.
امروزه پایداری زیستمحیطی یکی از مهمترین ملاحظات در برنامهریزی و مدیریت کشاورزی هرکشوری است. کشاورزی نقش مهمی در اقتصاد و اشتغال افغانستان دارد و ولایت هرات یکی از ولایتهای مهم تولید کشاورزی در افغانستان به شمار میآید. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، توسعه یک الگوی بهینه کشت برای محصولات افغانستان با توجه ملاحظات زیستمحیطی است تا به وسیله آن علاوه بر سودآوری به پایداری زیستمحیطی نیز دست یافت. محصولات مورد مطالعه عبارتند از: گندم، جو، کنجد، زیره و زعفران که بیش از 70 درصد سطح زیرکشت محصولات را در ولایت هرات در برمیگیرد. برای تعیین این الگوی کشت بهینه از مدل برنامهریزی خطی و آرمانی استفاده شد. در مدل برنامهریزی آرمانی به منظور دستیابی به پایداری زیستمحیطی از اهداف کاهش مصرف کود شیمیایی و آفتکش به همراه هدف حداکثرسازی سود ناخالص استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از کاربرد مدل برنامهریزی خطی با هدف حداکثرسازی سود ناخالص نشان داد که در الگوی بهینه منطقه در مقایسه با الگوی فعلی، سطح زیر کشت محصولات کنجد، جو و زعفران افزایش مییابد و سطح زیرکشت محصولات گندم و زیره کاهش مییابد. همچنین نتایج حاصل از مدلهای برنامهریزی آرمانی در سناریوهای مختلف نشان دهنده تغییرات نسبتاً زیادی در الگوی کشت بهینه در مقایسه با الگوی کشت فعلی منطقه است.
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