Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Olive Fruit Production under Different Orchard Size and Upon Organic and Conventional Agro-Systems
محورهای موضوعی : Environmental policy and management
سعید فیروزی
1
(گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران)
امیرحسین بازیار
2
(آموزشکده فنی و مهندسی سما، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران)
کلید واژه: agriculture, Sustainability, Environmental impacts, Agro-ecosystems,
چکیده مقاله :
The aim of this study was to investigate the environmental impacts of olive fruit production under different orchard size and upon organic and common agro-systems through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology in northern Iran. The data were collected using a self-made questionnaire and face-to-face interview with 305 olive growers in the study region. Six environmental impact categories (IC) including depletion of fossil fuels, global warming, acidification, terrestrial eutrophication, depletion of phosphate and potash resources have been investigated. One tone of olive fruit was set as the functional unit (FU). Results showed that the large olive orchards (≥5ha) had the highest negative environmental impacts in all studied IC. Overall, acidification, terrestrial eutrophication, and depletion of phosphate resources have been identified as the most important environmental challenges of olive fruit production with final indices of 1.58, 2.68, and 3.12, respectively. The results also revealed that the organic olive orchards are more environmental efficient than those of conventional orchards. Substituting a certain portion of chemical fertilizers used in the large olive orchards with the biological alternatives such as farmyard manure has been suggested to provide the nutritional requirements of olive trees. A regional strategy should be also planned to move to an appropriate integrated farming system to cut down the environmental hazards of olive fruit production in large orchards in the studied region.
هدف از این تحقیق، بررسی اثرات زیست­محیطی تولید میوه زیتون در اندازه­های مختلف باغ و تحت شرایط کشت ارگانیک و معمول، با استفاده از روش ارزیابی چرخه حیات در شمال ایران بود. داده­های تحقیق با استفاده از پرسشنامه و مصاحبه رو در رو از 305 باغدار زیتون در منطقه مورد مطالعه گرد­آوری شدند. شش گروه تاثیر شامل تخلیه منابع سوخت­های فسیلی، گرمایش جهانی، اسیدیفیکاسیون، اوتریفیکاسیون خشکی، تخلیه منابع فسفات و پتاس مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یک تن میوه زیتون به عنوان واحد عملکردی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که باغ­های زیتون بزرگ (بزرگتر از 5 هکتار) در تمامی گروه­های تاثیر، بیشترین اثرات زیست­محیطی را در پی داشتند. در مجموع، اسیدیفیکاسیون، اوتریفیکاسیون خشکی و تخلیه منابع فسفات، به ترتیب با شاخص­های نهایی 58/1، 68/2 و 12/3 ، مهمترین گروه­های تاثیر بودند. نتایج تحقیق همچنین نشان داد باغ­های زیتون ارگانیک از نظر زیست­محیطی نسبت به باغ­های معمول، عملکرد زیست­محیطی بهتری داشتند. جایگزینی بخشی از کودهای شیمیایی مورد استفاده بخصوص در باغ­های بزرگ با انواع کودهای بیولوژیک نظیر کودهای دامی برای تغذیه درختان زیتون پیشنهاد شد. همچنین، لازم است یک راهبرد منطقه­ای جهت حرکت به سوی سامانه کشت تلفیقی مناسب طراحی گردد تا اثرات زیست­محیطی تولید میوه زیتون در باغ­های بزرگ منطقه مورد مطالعه کاهش یابد.
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