A Study on Energy Efficiency and Economic Productivity of New Zealand’s Agricultural Sector
محورهای موضوعی : Environmental policy and managementمجتبی عباسیان 1 , سینا احمدزاده ماشینچی 2 , باسیل شارپ 3
1 - استادیار گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه دریانوردی وعلوم دریایی چابهار، چابهار، ایران
2 - محقق واستاد دانشگاه اوکلند، نیوزیلند
3 - محقق واستاد دانشگاه اوکلند، نیوزیلند
کلید واژه: energy, Productivity, Efficiency, agriculture, TSLS,
چکیده مقاله :
The realization of sustainable development depends on the efficient use of energy resources. Energy consumption productivity and efficiency are among important indices that play a critical role in explaining the behavior of energy consumption structure of different economic sectors, which in turn, plays a key role in policy making. From among economic sectors, the agriculture sector, as an important sector, depends on the consumption of energy as a factor underpinning agricultural production to a great extent. Thus, the present study tries to firstly calculate energy efficiency and productivity of agricultural sector, and then, investigate the relationship between production and energy consumption of New Zealand’s agricultural sector using simultaneous equations system and two-stage least squares method. The annual data of New Zealand agricultural economics are used for the period of 1990-2017. The results showed that agricultural sector’s energy consumption efficiency in New Zealand was mostly optimum according to energy efficiency index. In addition, estimation of energy equation revealed that the added value of agricultural sector had a positive influence on energy consumption growth. Among the other positively affecting variables, agricultural sector’s labour and energy consumption in the prior period could be mentioned. The negative sign of capital stock in the equation reflects the fact that the higher the investment in agricultural sector, the lower the energy consumption.
تحقق توسعه پایدار بستگی به استفاده موثر از منابع انرژی دارد. بهرهوری و کارایی مصرف انرژی از جمله شاخصهای مهمی هستند که در تبیین رفتار ساختار مصرف انرژی بخشهای مختلف اقتصادی یک کشور، برای سیاستگذاری نقش مهمی را ایفا میکنند. در میان بخشهای اقتصادی، بخش کشاورزی با توجه به اهمیت به میزان زیادی وابسته به مصرف انرژی به عنوان یک عامل موثر درتولیدات کشاورزی میباشـد. لذادر این مقاله تلاش شده است ابتدا کارایی وبهرهوری انرژی در بخش کشاورزی محاسبه شده و سپس چگونگی ارتباط بین تولید و مصرف انرژی بخش کشاورزی نیوزیلند با استفاده از الگوی سیستم معادلات همزمان و روش حداقل مربعات دو مرحلهای و داده‌های سالانه اقتصاد کشاورزی برای دوره زمانی 2017-1990 نیوزیلند مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. نتایج بدست‌آمده نشان می‌دهد کارایی مصرف انرژی در بخش کشاورزی نیوزیلند طبق شاخص کارایی انرژی اکثراً مطلوب بوده است. همچنین برآورد معادله انرژی نشان داد که ارزش افزوده بخش کشاورزی تاثیر مثبت بر رشد مصرف انرژی دارد. از دیگر متغیرهای مثبت تاثیر گذار میتوان به نیروی کار بخش کشاورزی و مصرف انرژی دوره قبل اشاره نمود. علامت منفی موجودی سرمایه در معادله بیانگر آن است کهﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ سرمایه گذاری در بخش کشاورزی اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ، در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ مصرف انرژی ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ.
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