Evaluation and Ranking of Citrus Gardens’ Risks Using TOPSIS Method (Case Study: East of Mazandaran Province)
محورهای موضوعی : Decision-makingسیمین دخت قاسمیان 1 , غلامرضا یاوری 2 , وحید ماجد 3 , ابوالفضل محمودی 4 , ابوالفضل جوادیان 5
1 - دانشگاه پیام نور تهران
2 - دانشگاه پیام نور ماهدشت
3 - Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Tehran. Iran.
4 - Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Payam- Noor East Tehran. Iran
5 - Associate Professor and Member of Direction Board for Agricultural Insurance Fund in Iran.
کلید واژه: Risk, citrus, Mazandaran, TOPSIS technique, weighted Shannon Entropy,
چکیده مقاله :
Citrus production has a great importance and position in Iran. The growth and sustainability of the agriculture sector is impossible without appropriate and effective risk identification and management. In this study, the main risks of citrus gardens were identified based on the Delphi method through questionnaires completed by 16 experts. Then, using the TOPSIS technique, the risks involved in the horticultural industry of Mazandaran Province were prioritized during 2010-2016 and the most important risk of Mazandaran gardens was selected based on the Shannon unweighted entropy matrix. The results showed that the most important horticultural risks were related to the risks of pests and diseases, price, damage, and production, respectively. In addition, the lowest risks were related to technical, labor and credit risks, respectively. Therefore, the results indicated the significant influence of the risks of pests and diseases, price and loss in horticulture. Among the risks of pests and diseases, mealy bugs, red mites and aphids with 76, 73 and 70 percent, respectively, were of the highest risk and risks arising from financing, purchasing the product and the damage caused by drip irrigation and emitters were of the lowest risk. The risk exposure represented that risk management should be considered in these fields. In this regard, it is essential to make major reforms in risk management areas involved in orchards. Thus, the planners and policymakers must consider this issue.
تولید مرکبات در بخش باغات در کشور جایگاه و اهمیت بالایی دارد. اهمیت این محصول در کشور ایران به دلایل منابع بسیار مهم تولید ثروت و مبادلات تجاری از یک طرف و سهم بسزایی در میان سایر محصولات کشاورزی و اشتغال بکار ساکنین مرکبات خیز ایران از طرف دیگر دوچندان میباشد. ولی رشد و پایداری این بخش، بدون شناسایی و مدیریت مناسب و موثر ریسک امکانپذیر نیست. در مطالعه حاضر، ابتدا مهمترین ریسکهای باغ مرکبات طبق روش دلفی از طریق تکمیل پرسشنامه توسط 16 نفر از کارشناسان تعیین شده است. سپس با استفاده از تکنیک سلسله مراتبی تاپسیس به عنوان یک روش تصمیم گیری چندشاخصه بسیار قوی و کارآمد در رتبه بندی، سعی شد ریسکهای موجود در صنعت باغداری استان مازندران طی سالهای 1395-1389 از طریق شبیه نمودن به جواب ایده آل اولویت بندی و بر اساس ماتریس بیوزنی آنتروپی شانون بدست آمده مهمترین و با اولویت ترین ریسک باغات استان مازندران انتخاب شده است. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین ریسک صنعت باغداری به ترتیب مربوط به ریسکهای آفات و بیماریها و قیمت، و در مراحل بعدی ریسکهای خسارت و تولید قراردارند. همچنین کمترین ریسکها هم به ترتیب مربوط به ریسکهای فنی، نیروی کار و اعتبارات است. بنابراین نتایج تحقیق بیانگر تأثیر شایان توجه ریسکهای آفات و بیماریها، قیمت و خسارت در صنعت باغداری منطقه است. همچنین از میان ریسکهای آفات و بیماریها، شپشکها، کنهقرمز و شتهها با احتساب 76، 73 و 70 درصد از بیشترین ریسک و ریسکهای ناشی از تامین اعتبارات، نخریدن محصول و خسارت ناشی از آبیاری قطرهای و قطره چکان از کمترین ریسک برخوردار هستند. شدت ریسک موجود نشان میدهد که در حوزههای ذکرشده باید بیشترین توجه و مدیریت ریسکی صورت گیرد.
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