The Driving and Inhibiting Factors of Mechanized Tobacco Production in Iran Using the Delphi Technique
محورهای موضوعی : Farm Managementسید میلاد سمیع زاده 1 , سعید فیروزی 2
1 - گروه مدیریت کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رشت، رشت، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
کلید واژه: Tobacco, Delphi Technique, tobacco cultivation, agriculture mechanization,
چکیده مقاله :
Increased cost of tobacco cultivation is a major concern for its sustainable production in Iran. Therefore, the development of tobacco mechanized cultivation is a necessity. Given this, the driving and inhibiting factors of the development of mechanized tobacco cultivation were investigated by the Delphi technique in three rounds in Guilan Province, Iran. Nineteen experts from the Jahad Agriculture Organization of Guilan Province and the Agriculture Management Services in Rasht County and Western Guilan were selected as the research panel as recommended by the academic professors of the Guilan Province. The results were analyzed by SPSS21. In the last round, 10 superior driving and inhibiting factors were ranked based on the final experts’ consistency as the final decision. The results revealed that identification of pioneer farmers and their encouragement to mechanized tobacco cultivation and the import of the latest technologies of tobacco cultivation and their modification in accordance with regional conditions were the most important driving factors as 97.37 and 94.74% of panel experts agreed, respectively. In addition, 98.68% of experts rated insufficient research on tobacco cultivation mechanization and 96.05% of experts rated the small size of tobacco farms as the most important inhibiting factors. Accordingly, the development of supportive policies to support pioneer tobacco growers in mechanized cultivation of this industrial crop, the technical assessment for modern tobacco cultivation machinery, the reduction of imported tobacco machinery prices, and the support of research on mechanization of tobacco cultivation are some important strategies that should be considered by those involved in tobacco production in Guilan Province, Iran.
افزایش هزینههای کشت مکانیزه توتون از چالشهای مهم در پایداری تولید این محصول در ایران است. بنابراین، توسعه کشت مکانیزه توتون امری ضروری است. در این راستا، عوامل پیشبرنده و بازدارنده توسعه کشت مکانیزه توتون در استان گیلان در ایران از طریق روش دلفی در سه مرحله، مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. بر اساس توصیه اساتید دانشگاهی استان گیلان، تعداد نوزده نفر کارشناس خبره از سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان گیلان و ادارات کشاورزی رشت و شهرستانهای غرب استان گیلان به عنوان اعضاء گروه تحقیق برگزیده شدند. نتایج با استفاده از نرمافزار SPSS21 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. بر اساس توافق نهایی کارشناسان در آخرین مرحله تحقیق دلفی، 10 عامل برتر از هر گروه، به عنوان پیشبرندهها و بازدارندهها مرتب شدند. شناسایی و تشویق کشاورزان پیشرو برای کشت مکانیزه توتون و واردات آخرین فناوریهای کشت توتون و اصلاح آنها مطابق با شرایط منطقه، به ترتیب با کسب 37/97 و 74/94 درصد از توافق نهایی کارشناسان گروه تحقیق به عنوان مهمترین پیشبرندهها شناسایی شدند. به علاوه، 68/98 درصد از کارشناسان، عامل تحقیقات ناکافی در زمینه مکانیزاسیون کشت توتون و 05/96 درصد از کارشناسان تحقیق، عامل کوچکبودن مزارع توتون را به عنوان مهمترین بازدارندهها معرفی کردند. از این رو، توسعه سیاستهای حمایتی توتونکاران پیشرو در زمینه کشت مکانیزه این محصول صنعتی، ارزیابی فنی ماشینهای پیشرفته کشت توتون، کاهش قیمت ماشینهای توتون وارداتی، و حمایت از تحقیقات مکانیزاسیون کشت توتون از مهمترین راهبردهایی هستند که باید مورد توجه متصدیان تولید توتون در استان گیلان در ایران قرار گیرند.
Abedi, H., Firouzi, S., & Allahyari, M.S. (2017). Analysis of factors affecting the development of mechanical olive harvest in Guilan Province. Journal of Farm Machinery, 7(1), DOI: 10.22067/jam.v7i1.48003 (In Press).
Almassi, M., Loveimi, N., & Kiani, S. (2006). Farm machinery management (1sted), Mashhad : Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press, Iran (In Persian).
Guilan’s Organization of Jihad Agriculture (2013). Annual statistics of agriculture. Guilan: Department of Planning and Economy, Center of Information and Communication Technology (In Persian).
Balachandran, P.G. (2003). Constraints on diffusion and adoption of agro-mechanical technology in rice cultivation in Kerala, Retrieved from www.cds.ac.in/krpcds/publication/downloads/59.pdf
Baladji, U., & Aghapour Sabbaghi, M. (2015). Investigating the reasons for non-acceptance of new machines by wheat growers in Andica County. Journal of Scientific Research and Development, 2 (1), 62-66.
Capareda, S.C., de Ramos, J.D., del Rosario, A.C., & Castro, S.G. (2002). Mechanization of small to medium scale corn production areas in the Philippines. In: Implementation strategy manual. Agricultural Mechanization Development Program (AMDP), Institute of Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Philippines.
Capehart, T. (2004). Trends in U.S. tobacco farming (TBS-257-02). USDA, United States Department of Agriculture, Electronic Outlook Report from the Economic Research Service, Retrieved from https://www.ers.usda.gov/ webdocs/ publications/tbs25702/48597_tbs25702.pdf
Chi, T.T.N. (2010). Factors affecting mechanization in rice harvesting and drying in the Mekong Delta, South Vietnam. Omonrice, 17, 164-173.
Clarke, L.J., Morrison, T.A., Juricek, J., & Studenik, B. (1993). The Slovak Republic: Agricultural mechanization strategy, a review. Retrieved January 21, 2007, from http://www.fao.org/agris/Centre.asp?Content.
Conner, N., & Grady, R. (2013) Competencies and experiences needed by pre–service agricultural educators to teach globalized curricula: A modified Delphi study. Journal of Agricultural Education, 54(1), 8-17. DOI: 10.5032/jae. 2013.01008
Dunham, R. B. (1996). The Delphi technique. Retrieved from: http://www.medsch. wisc.edu/adminmed/2002/ orgbehav/delphi.pdf
Firouzi, S. (2015). A survey on the current status of mechanization of paddy cultivation in Iran: Case of Guilan Province. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, 5(2), 117-124.
Ghosh, B. K. (2010). Determinants of farm mechanization in modern agriculture: A case study of Burdwan districts of West Bengal. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(12), 1107-1115.
Heiko, A. (2012). Consensus measurement in Delphi studies: Review and implications for future quality assurance. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 79 (8), 1525-1536.
Julius, A. (2014). Factors limiting small-scale farmers’ access and use of tractors for agricultural mechanization in Abuja, North Central Zone, Nigeria. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 3(1), 115-124.
Keeney, S., Hasson, F., & McKenna, H.P. (2001). A critical review of the Delphi Technique as a research methodology for nursing. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 38(2), 195-200.
Kutte, M.T., & Tya, T.S.K. (2001). Mechanization strategies for sustainable agricultural production in Nigeria. Proceedings of NIAE, 23, 27 - 33.
Lamidi, W.A., & Akande, L.O. (2013). A Study of status, challenges and prospects of agricultural mechanization in Osun State, Nigeria. Journal of Education, Arts and Humanities, 1(1), 1-8. Retrieved from https:// www .watchpub/ jeah/index.htm.
Mohammadi, O., & Zarifian, Sh. (2008). Factors affecting the mechanization of agricultural lands (Case city of Nishapur). 5th National Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering and Mechanization. Mashhad, Iran, September 2008, pp, 9.
Namvar Rezaei, A. (2008). Promotional mechanization tract in tobacco cultivation. Iranian Tobacco Company, Iran, Tehran (In Persian).
Ou, Y., Yang, D., Yu, P., Wang, Y., Li, B., & Zhang, Y. (2002). Experience and analysis on sugarcane mechanization at a state farm in China. 2002 ASAE Annual International Meeting/ CIGR 15th World Congress Sponsored by ASAE CIGR, Hyatt Regency Chicago, Illinois, USA July 28- 31.
Pishbin, S.,Mohamadi, H., & Ejraei A. (2007). Problems of agricultural mechanization in Jahrom Region. Development and Productivity, 5, 17-29 (In Persian).
Rasouli, F., Sadighi, H., & Minaei, S. (2010). Factors affecting agricultural mechanization: A case study on sunflower seed farms in Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science Technology, 11, 39-48.
Salokhe, V.M., & Oida, A. (2003). Development of appropriate agricultural machinery for Southeast Asian Countries. Laboratory of Agricultural Systems Engineering. Retrieved 16 April 2005 from www.fsao.kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp/guest_prof/Salokhe_report.pdf.
Zamani, P. (2010). Cultivation and processing of tobacco (1th ed.).Iran: Beh-andishan.
Zehtab Naebi, R., Firouzi, S., & Ebrahimzadeh, M.R. (2015). Promoters and deterrents of developing mechanization of peanut cultivation in North of Iran. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, 5(1), 1-8.
