Musculoskeletal Disorders, Energy Use, and Costs of Human Labor for Paddy Cultivation in Northern Iran

محورهای موضوعی : Farm Management

امین نیکخواه ¹ , زینب کوگیر چگینی ² , ارمغان کوثری مقدم ³ , فریما نیکخواه ⁴

1 - باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
2 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
3 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه ماشین‌های کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
4 - کارشناس گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشگاه پیام نور، واحد رشت، رشت، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/08/06 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/09/14 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/09/10

کلید واژه: energy, Ergonomics, Rice, Human labor, Paddy workers,

چکیده مقاله :

In this study, musculoskeletal disorders, energy consumption and input costs of paddy labors have been studied in cultivation, crop protection, and harvesting rice in Northern Iran, Guilan province. The sample size of the study consisted of 74 paddy workers of the study region. The data were collected through Nordic questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The results indicated that the labor input energy of cultivation, crop protection, and harvesting were 674.6, 356.8 and 205.9 MJha-1, respectively. The total labor input costs were determined to be 22,860,000 IRRs ha-1. Lower back, back and knees were the most common areas where paddy workers were feeling pain. There were significant differences among the age, working hours and working years of healthy and relatively healthy poor paddy workers (p<0.01). One-fifth of the selected farmers self-reported that their health was at a very poor level. Overall, considering the relatively high costs and the different types of common musculoskeletal disorders related to rice cultivation in this province and also the side effects of using the painkillers in the working season, it is recommended to invest and accelerate the process of mechanization of rice farming in Guilan Province of Iran.

چکیده انگلیسی:

در این مطالعه اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی، انرژی مصرفی و هزینه‌های ورودی کارگران شالی‌کار گیلانی در سه مرحله کاشت، داشت و برداشت در کشت برنج مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تعداد افراد نمونه 74 نفر تعیین شد. داده­ها از طریق پرسشنامه نوردیک و مصاحبه حضوری با کشاورزان گرآوری شدند. نتایج نشان داد، انرژی ورودی نیروی انسانی برای کشت برنج در مراحل کاشت، داشت و برداشت به ترتیب 6/674، 8/356 و 9/205 مگاژول بر هکتار است. مجموع هزینه‌های ورودی نیروی انسانی دو میلیون و دویست و هشتاد و شش هزار تومان بر هکتار محاسبه شد. نشیمن، کمر و زانو بیش‌ترین ناحیه‌هایی بودند که کشاورزان در آن احساس درد می‌کردند. تفاوت سن، ساعات کاری و سال‌های اشتغال به کار کشاورزی افراد سالم و افراد دارای وضعیت نسبتاً نامناسب سلامتی در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار شد. 20 درصد از کشاورزان وضعیت سلامتی خود را در حد بسیار ضعیف ارزیابی نمودند. در انتها با توجه به هزینه‌های نسبتاً زیاد و انواع اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی شایع به سبب فعالیت‌های کشت و کار برنج در این منطقه و همچنین اثرات سوء ناشی از روی آوردن افراد به انواع داروهای مسکن مجاز و غیرمجاز در اوج فصل کاری، پیشنهاد می‌گردد، سرمایه‌گذاری‌های لازم جهت تسریع فرآیند مکانیزاسیون عملیات کشت برنج در استان گیلان انجام گیرد.

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