The Entrepreneurial Spirit of Rural Women: An Example from Iran
محورهای موضوعی : Education and training
مهدی نوری پور
1
,
آذر اسکندری
2
,
زینب شریفی
3
1 - دانشیار ترویج کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، گروه مدیریت توسعه روستایی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران
2 - دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد ترویج کشاورزی، گروه مدیریت توسعه روستایی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران
3 - دانشجوی دکترا توسعه کشاورزی، گروه مدیریت توسعه روستایی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران
کلید واژه: rural women, entrepreneurial spirit, Entrepreneurial characteristics, Nimrooz County,
چکیده مقاله :
This study aimed to investigate the personality characteristics related to entrepreneurial spirit of rural women. The statistical population of the study included rural women in the central district of Nimrooz County in Sistan and Baluchistan Province (N=406). Krejcie and Morgan Table was used to determine the sample size. To this end, 186 participants were selected through stratified random sampling with proportional allocation. Data were collected by a questionnaire that validity was confirmed via face validity procedure and its reliability was measured by calculating a Cronbach's alpha coefficient. SPSS software was used to analyze data. The results showed that more than 50 % of rural women were strong in terms of balanced risk taking, internal locus of control, need for achievement, mental fluency, tolerance for ambiguity, daydreaming, and innovation. Yet, around 30 % of rural women were weak in terms of balanced risk taking, mental fluency, independence, and innovation. Furthermore, 17 % were weak in terms of daydreaming and challenging. The results of one sample t-test also indicated that 10 dimensions of rural women's entrepreneurial spirit were significantly higher than the average. Therefore, in order to increase rural women’s entrepreneurial spirit, it seems necessary to strengthen such characteristics as balanced risk taking, innovation, independence, mental fluency, challenging, and daydreaming.
این پژوهش با هدف بررسی وضعیت ویژگیهای شخصیتی مربوط به روحیه کارآفرینی زنان روستایی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل زنان روستایی بخش مرکزی شهرستان نیمروز استان سیستان و بلوچستان بودند که از طریق جدول کرجسی و مورگان 186 نفر به عنوان نمونه تعیین و با تکنیک نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای با انتساب متناسب انتخاب و مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. دادهها با استفاده از پرسشنامه گردآوری شد که روایی آن به کمک تکنیک روایی صوری و پایایی آن با محاسبه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید گردید. همچنین از نرمافزار SPSS برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که بیش از 50 درصد زنان روستایی در ویژگیهای خطرپذیری متعادل، کانون کنترل درونی، موفقیتطلبی، سلاست روانی، تحمل ابهام، رویاپردازی و نوآوری در حد قوی بودهاند. با این وجود، 30 درصد زنان روستایی از نظر ویژگیهای خطرپذیری متعادل، سلاست فکری، استقلالطلبی و نوآوری در حد ضعیف بودهاند. همچنین نزدیک به 17 درصد زنان روستایی از نظر رویاپردازی و چالشطلبی ضعیف ارزیابی شدند. نتایج آزمون t تک نمونهای نیز نشان داد ابعاد ده گانهی روحیه کارآفرینی زنان بالاتر از حد متوسط بوده است. بنابراین برای افزایش روحیه کارآفرینی زنان روستایی لازم است ویژگیهای خطرپذیری متعادل، نوآوری، استقلالطلبی، سلاست روانی، چالش طلبی و رویاپردازی را در زنان روستایی تقویت نمود.
Alipour, H. (2013). Investigation on tendency and mentality to entrepreneurship of students in agricultural field in Shiraz Township. Journal of Agricultural Education Administration Research, 23, 33-46.
Badri, E., Liaghatdar, M. J., Abedi, M. R., & Jafari, E. (2006). A survey of entrepreneurship capabilities of Isfahan University students. Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 12(2), 73-91.
Fallah Haghighi, N., Rezvanfar, A., Kalantari, Kh., & Razavi, M. (2011). Study on entrepreneurial traits of agricultural students in Tehran University. Iran Agricultural Development and Economics Research, 42(3), 357-366.
Ghaffari, H., & Younesi, A. (2012). A Survey on entrepreneurship capabilities of students in Payame Noor University of Arak. Higher Education, 3(3), 136-155.
Jamshidi, A. R., Gamini, D., & Nazari Sarmaze, H. (2013). A study of driving forces and hampering factors affecting the development of rural women entrepreneurship. Womenand Society, 4(2), 137-166.
Hooshmandan Moghaddam Fard, Z., Rezvanfar, A., Movahed Mohammadi, H., & Shams, A. (2012). Assessment of entrepreneurial spirit of agricultural high school student in Zanjan Province. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Educational Journal, 7(2), 105- 114.
Karani, Z., Monavvarifard, F., & Salehi, L. (2014). Factors affecting the entrepreneurial spirit of farmers (Case Study: Kermanshah City). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 45(2), 315-322.
Khedmati Tavasol, S. (2000). Investigating the initiating and nurturing backgrounds of entrepreneurship in the state male highschool in Karaj County from administrators’ teachers’ and students’ point of view. Unpublished thesis, School of Psychology, Tehran University.
Mahboobi, M. R., & Sharifzadeh, A. (2013). Entrepreneurship spirit among students of agricultural sciences, Gorgan University of agricultural sciences and natural resources, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Education Administration Research, 25, 39-52.
Mardanshahi, M.M., & Dolati, E. (2015). Comparison of entrepreneurial abilities in students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 15(3), 380-390.
Movahedi, R., & Ghanbari, S. (2014). Relationship between university education and agricultural students' entrepreneurial spirit. International Journal of Agricultural Science, Research and Technology in Extension and Education Systems, 4(4), 191-196.
Movahedi, R., Jalilian, S., & Armand, S. (2013). Entrepreneurial personality traits of agricultural students. International Journal of Agricultural Science, Research and Technology in Extension and Education Systems, 3(1), 7-12
Movahedi, R., Yaghoubi Farani, A., Khodaverdian, M., & Zarei, Sh. (2011). Study on entrepreneurial spirit of the agricultural students and the ways to improve entrepreneurship education. Agricultural Extension and Education Research, 3(3), 65-81.
Patten, M L. (2002). Proposing empirical research: A guide to the fundamentals. Second edition. Los Angeles: Pyrczak publishing.
Pour Rajab Miandoab, P., Mohammadi, M. R., & Hedayat, T. (2012). A study of self-employed women’s personality features and motivations in Kandovan village. Journal of Rural Development, 14(4), 147-164.
Rabieyan, M., Darrudi, A., Bahman, N., Ahmadi, A., &Bashari, N. (2015). Study of entrepreneurship spirit of students in school of Allied Medicine of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Health Payavard, 9(2), 203-213.
Rezaee, M. H., & Rahsepar, T. (2010). A Survey of students' entrepreneurship traits (A case study of Darab Islamic Azad University). - Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration, 1(2), 45-62.
Mohseni, H. S., & Shafizade, H. (2012). Study of university students entrepreneurial characteristics of State Universities in Tehran. Socio Cultural Strategy Journal, 1(4), 133-165.
Sheikhan, N. (2011). Promotion plans of women entrepreneurship in selected countries. Social Welfare Journal, 40(11), 259-286.
Siadat, S. A., Rezazade, SH.S., & Babri, H. (2012). Entrepreneurship Morale among students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 12(7), 527-536.
Statistical Centre of Iran. (2013). Country statistical yearbooks, part 4: human force. Retrieved from https://nnt.sci.org.ir/sites/apps/yearbook/year_book_doc/92-99-04.pdf.
Vahedi, M., Moradnezhadi, H., Sharifzadeh, A., & Sharifi, M. (2009). Investigating entrepreneurial mentality among students of Ilam Islamic Azad University. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 40 (2), 93-101.
Vatankhah, N., & Rezaei Moghaddam, K. (2015). Recognizing the students’ entrepreneurial spirit: the case of Agricultural College, Shiraz University. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Educational Journal, 11(1), 59-71.
Yaghoubi Farani, A., & Soleymani, A. (2015). The impact of personal characteristics on rural women entrepreneurs’ success in Hamedan Province. Women in Development and Politics, 13(1), 113-130.
Yaghoubi Farani, A., Soleymani, A., & Movahedi, R. (2015). Analysis of factors affecting rural women entrepreneurship. Social and Psychological Studies of Women, 12(4), 7-42.
