پیش‌بینی ظهور گیاهچه علف‌های هرز هفت‌بند پیچکی (Polygonum convolvulus L.)، شاهتره (Fumaria vaillantii Lois) و پیچک صحرایی (Convolvulus arvensis L.) با استفاده از مدل‌های دمایی در شرایط کرج
محورهای موضوعی : زراعت
سجاد ایلانلو
1
,
مرجان دیانت
2
,
مصطفی اویس
3
,
فریدون قاسم خان قاجار
4
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران
2 - استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران
3 - 3- دانشیار دانشگاه تهران
4 - استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: درجه روز رشد, بانک بذر, مدل لجستیک,
چکیده مقاله :
پیش‌بینی زمان رویش علف‌های هرز از طریق بهینه سازی زمان کنترل می‌تواند در کاهش مصرف علف‌کش‌ها موثر باشد. جهت پیش‌بینی زمان ظهور گیاهچه‌های هفت‌بند پیچکی، شاهتره و پیچک صحرایی با استفاده از مدل‌های دمایی، آزمایشی در فصل زراعی 92-1391 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران اجرا گردید. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده از تابع لجستیک سه پارامتره50 درصد رویش نهایی هفت‌بند پیچکی در حاشیه داخلی، مرکز و حاشیه خارجی به ترتیب با دریافت 21/75 و 48/71 و 21/75 درجه روز رشد حاصل شد. رویش شاهتره در حاشیه داخلی مزرعه در متوسط درجه روز رشد بالاتری اتفاق افتاد. البته شاهتره در حاشیه خارجی مزرعه نرخ رویش پایین‌تری را به ازاء درجه روز رشد دریافتی نسبت به سایر مناطق از خود نشان داد، یعنی با افزایش هر واحد درجه روز رشد تعداد گیاهچه کمتری نسبت به سایر مناطق مزرعه به سطح خاک آمدند. اگرچه در این منطقه به ازاء هر واحد درجه روز شیب کندتری از خود نشان داد اما با دریافت کمترین درجه روز رشد زودتر به 50 درصد رویش نهایی رسید. این در حالی بود که 50 درصد رویش نهایی شاهتره در مرکز و حاشیه داخلی مزرعه به ترتیب با دریافت 90/45 و 11/49 درجه روز رشد حاصل شد. پیچک صحرایی در حاشیه داخلی و مرکز مزرعه با دریافت 98/158 و60/150 درجه روز رشد به50 درصد رویش نهایی رسید. رابطه بین پیچک صحرایی موجود در بانک بذر با تعداد گیاهچه‌های رویش یافته مثبت بود اما رابطه‌ای بین تعداد بانک بذر هفت‌بند پیچکی و گیاهچه‌های رویش یافته مشاهده نشد.
Prediction of weed emergence timing would help reduce herbicide use through the optimization of the timing of weed control. In order to predict the emergence of wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolyulus L.), alkafaun (Fumaria vaillantii Lois) and Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) by using the temperature model, an experiment was conducted at wheat field research of university of Tehran, Karaj during 2012-13. Based on the results, 50 percent of cumulative emergence of wild buckwheat were obtained in 75.21, 71.48 and 75.21 growing degree day at inner margin, center and outer margin of wheat field, respectively. The presence of wheat was not impressed the emergence of wild buckwheat. It was for that this weed was not required light for germination. Alkafaun emergence was happened at higher growing degree day at inner margin of field. Of course alkafaun had lower emergence per received GDD at outer margin in comparison with other parts of the field. Although emergence had lower slope per growing degree day at this part, but it was achieved to 50 percent cumulative emergence with lower received GDD. It was this time that 50 percent cumulative emergence of alkafaun achieved with 49.11 and 45.90 GDD at center and outer margin of field, respectively. Field bindweed was achieved to 50 percent of cumulative emergence with 158.98 and 150.60 growing degree day at inner margin and center of field. but there was no direct correlation between the number of weeds in the wild buckwheat seed bank and the number of seedlings were emerged.
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