Impact of Dust storm on Agricultural Production in Iran
محورهای موضوعی : Rural and Agricultural SociologyTahere Maleki 1 , Mariyeh Sahraie 2 , Fatemeh Sasani 3 , Mahana Shahmoradi 4
1 - Ph.D. Student, Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran.
2 - M.Sc Students, Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
3 - M.Sc Students, Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
4 - Ph.D. Students, Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
کلید واژه: Grounded theory, Farmer, dust, pollutant, Agricultural Producers,
چکیده مقاله :
One of the environmental concerns during the past decade is dust pollutant. This phenomenon is extensively known around the globe. In Iran, this destructive phenomenon has created serious problems among environmental policy-makers in general and agricultural producers in specific. Kermanshah Province is located near Iraq, a neighboring country in west part of Iran. It is believed that Iraq is mostly blamed for developing dust into different parts of Iran. The impact of dust on agriculture is not known. Specifically, it is not known how agricultural producers in Sarpol-e-Zahab Township are affected by dust phenomenon. Thus, the purpose of this qualitative study was to determine the impact of dust on agricultural production. Using purposeful sampling, farmers and agricultural specialist as well as natural resource experts participated in this study. Deep interview as well as observation and audio recording were used to collect data. Grounded theory approach was used to analyze the data. Results revealed that dust has impacted orchard farmers, bee farmers, rose and grape growers differently. Results also revealed that orchard farmers and bee farmers were affected most by dust storm in the region. Overall, dust is a phenomenon that can only be mitigated if farmers are to adapt effective strategies.
Chen, Y. S., Sheen, P. C., Chen, E. R., Liu, Y. K., Wu, T. N., Yang, C. Y. (2004). Effects of Asian dust storm events on daily mortality in Taipeh, Taiwan. Environment Research, 95: 151–155.
Chun, Y., Boo, K. O., Kim, J., Park, S. U., Lee, M. (2002). Synopsis, transport, and physical characteristics of Asian dust in Korea. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106 (16): 18461–18469.
Engelstaedter, S., Tegen, I., Washington, R. (2006). North African dust emissions and transport, Earth-Science Reviews ,79(1-2): 73-100.
Etelaat Newspapers. (2012). No. 25253. 20 February. Refer to: http://www.ettelaat.com. (in Persian).
Garrison, V. H., Shinn, E. A., Foreman, W. T., Griffin, D. W., Holmes, C. W., Kellogg, C. A., Mjewski, M. S., Richardson, L. L., Ritchie, K. B., Smith, G. W. (2003). African and Asian dust: from desert soils to coral reefs. Bioscience, 53: 469–480.
Goudie, A. S, Middleton, N. J. (2006). Desert Dust in the Global System, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg , Germany.
Goudie, A.S., Middleton, N. J. (2000). Dust storms in south west Asia. Acta Universitatis Carolinae, (Supplement), 73–83.
Griffin, D. W. (2007). Atmospheric Movement of Microorganisms in Clouds of Desert Dust and Implications for Human Health, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 20(3): 459-577.
Griffin, D. W., Garrison, V. H., Herman, J. R., Shinn, E. A. (2001). African desert dust in the Caribbean atmosphere: microbiology and public health. Aerobiologia, 17(3): 203–213.
Hua, N. P., Kobayashi, F., Iwasaka, Y., Shi, G.Y., Naganuma, T. (2007). Detailed identification of desert-originated bacteria carried by Asian dust storms to Japan, Aerobiologia , 23(4): 291-8.
Kellogg, C. A., Griffin, D. W., Garrison, V. H., Peak, H. K., Royall, N., Smith, R. M., Shinn, E. A. (2004). Characterization of aerosolized bacteria and fungi from desert dust events in Mali, West Africa. Aerobiologia, 20: 99–110.
Kermanshah city hall portal, 28th of May ,2012. Refer to: http://www.ostan-ks.ir.(in Persian).
Kermanshah news, 2011. Storms in Kermanshah Province is The strongest Duet Storms in a few years ago. Refer to: http://www.Kermanshah news. ir.
Kermanshah Post News Agency, 2011. Chronic environmental problems in metropolitan and suburban Kermanshah. www.kermanshahnews.com.
Khosravi, M. (2010). Examining the vertical distribution of dust coming from Middle east storms using NAAPS model, the 4th international congress of geographers of Islam world, Iran, Zahedan, (March, 2010), 1-22(in Persian).
Krueger, B. J., Grassian, V. H., Cowin, J. P., Laskin, A. (2004). Heterogeneous chemistry of individual mineral dust particles from different dust source regions: the importance of particle mineralogy, Atmospheric Environment, 38(36): 6253-61.
Kwaasi, A. A. A., Parhar, R. S., Al-Mohanna, F. A. A., Harfi, H. A., Collison, K. S., Al-Sedairy, S. T. (1998). Aeroallergens and viable microbes in sandstorm dust – potential triggers of allergic and non-allergic respiratory ailments. Allergy, 53: 255–265.
Liu, C. M., Young, C. Y., Lee, Y. C. (2006). Influence of Asian dust storms on air quality in Taiwan. Science of the Total Environment, 368: 884-897.
Meng, Z., Zhang, Q. (2007). Damage effects of dust storm PM2.5 on DNA in alveolar macrophages and lung cells of rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 45: 1368–1374.
Middleton, N. J. (1986). Dust storms in the Middle East. Journal of Arid Environments, 10: 83–96.
Nadafi, K. (2010). Air pollution (its origin and control), Nas Scientific Institute, Inc, Tehran, Iran (in Persian).
O’Hara S. L., Wiggs, G., Mamedov, B., Davidson, G., Hubbard, R. B. (2000). Exposure to airborne dust contaminated with pesticide in the Aral Sea region. Lancet, 355: 627–628.
Prospero, J. M., Ginoux, P., Torres, O., Nicholson, S. E., Gill, T. E. (2002). Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the Nimbus 7 total ozone mapping spectrometer absorbing aerosol product. Rev. Geophys. 40: 2–31.
Rahmatian, S. (2012). Other birds do not migrate to Kermanshah. May 2012. www.jamejamonline.ir.
Riefer, A., Hamm, U. (2008). Changes in Families’ Organic Food Consumption. 12th Congress of the European Association of Agricultural Economists – EAAE 2008, 1-6.
Sarpol-e-zahab’s Local government. (201)2. ISNA news agency, refer to: http://aspx9101/ghermisin.blogfa.com. (in Persian).
Shao, Y., Dong, C. H. (2006). A review on East Asian dust storm climate, modelling and monitoring. Global and Planetary Change, 52: 1–22.
Shi, Z., Shao, L., Jones, T. P., Senlin, L. U. (2005). Microscopy and mineralogy of airborne particles collected during severe dust storm episodes in Beijing, China. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 110(D1: 1-10.
Shi-gong, W., De-bao, Y., Jiong, J. (1995). Study on the Formative Causes and Countermeasures of the Catastrophic Sandstorm Occurred in Northwest China, Journal of Desert Research , 15(1), 19-30.
Sivakumar, M. V. K. (2005). Impacts of Sand/Dust Storms on Agriculture, in M.V.K. Sivakumar, R.P. Motha, and H.P. Das (Eds.). Natural Disasters and Extreme Events in Agriculture. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 159-177.
Stefanski, R., Sivakumar, M. V. K. (2006). Impacts of Sand and Dust Storms on Agriculture and Potential Agricultural Applications of a SDSWS, WMO/GEO Expert Meeting on an International Sandand Dust Storm Warning System IOP Publishing,IOPConf.Series:Earthand Environmental Science, 7: 1-6.
Tahmasbi, H. (2011) .Raising honeybees, nation’s livestock scientific research institution, Hamshahry Newspaper, refer to: http://hamshahrionline.ir/print-150885.aspx (in Persian).
Tainsh, G. M., Strong, C. (2007). The role of aeolian dust in ecosystems. Geomorphology, 89: 39-54.
Wang, Y. Q., Zhang, X. Y., Arimoto, R., Cao, J. J., Shen, Z. X. (2005). Characteristics of carbonate content and carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of northern China soil and dust aerosol and its application to tracing dust sources, Atmospheric Environment , 39(14): 2631-42.
Xuan, J., Sokolik, I. N., Hao, J., Guo, F., Mao, H., Yang, G. (2004). Identification and characterization of sources of atmospheric mineral dust in East Asia, Atmospheric Environment, 38(36): 6239-6252.
Yang, B., Brauning, A., Shi, Y. (2003). Late holocene temperature variations on the Tibetan plateau. Quaternary Science Reviews, 22: 2335–2344.
Yang, B., Brauning, A., Zhang, Z., Dong, Z., Esper , J. (2007). Dust storm frequency and its relation to climate changes in Northern China during the past 1000 years. Atmospheric Environment, 41: 9288–9299.
Zainalzadeh, E. (2011). The impact of dust on the production and activity of honeybee colonies, The informational analytical notification and research magazine of livestock, poultry & aquatics feeding industry. Honeybee farming magazine, 8(8):1-5 (in Persian).
