A Study on the Propagation of Snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.) as an Endangered Species by Seeds and Forced Bulbs
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی
Kaveh Babelian Hendijani
1
(Department of Horticultural Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran)
Abbas Mirzakhani
2
(Department of Horticultural Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran|Horticulture Crops Research Department, Markazi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Arak, Iran)
Shahab Khaghani
3
(Associate Professor Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran)
Mahdi Changizi
4
(Associate Professor Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran)
کلید واژه: germination, Forcing, Galantamine, Ornamental Geophytes,
چکیده مقاله :
Snowflake is an ornamental-medicinal plant species native to the North of Iran. The production of this plant outside its natural habitat was studied in two separate experiments including (i) Seed propagation by the seeds primed with a temperature of 4 ºC, 24 ºC, or 27 ºC, gibberellic acid (GA) at a rate of 50 or 100 mg L-1, and KNO3 at a rate of 0.1% or 0.2 % and (ii) Propagation by the bulbs forced at a temperature of 4 ºC, 24 ºC, or 27 ºC for 8 weeks, 4 ºC for 4 weeks + 27 ºC for 4 weeks, or 27ºC for 4 weeks + 4ºC for 4 weeks. The results of seed priming showed that the seeds treated with 4ºC or 27ºC did not germinate. The best treatment for increasing germination percentage, germination rate, seedling length, and seedling length vigor was 100 mg L-1 GA. Among the treatments that led to seed germination, the lowest values of the recorded traits were related to the seeds treated with 24 ºC and 0.2 % KNO3. The results of bulb forcing revealed that the treatment of the dormant bulbs with 4 ºC for 8 weeks was not appropriate for their flowering. The highest number of flowers (2.66 flowers), flower diameter (21.70 mm), days from bulb planting to flowering termination (149.5 days), and leaf number (6 leaves) were related to the bulbs treated with 27 ºC for 8 weeks, but this treatment had the longest time to bud emergence (117.5 days), so it is not a good treatment for bulb forcing although it performed the best in terms of flower and leaf number, flower diameter, and the number of days from bulb planting to flowering termination. The shortest time to bud emergence (78.3 days) was obtained from the bulbs treated with 27 ºC for 4 weeks + 4 ºC for 4 weeks. So, this is recommended for snowflake forcing.
دانه برفی از گیاهان زینتی- دارویی بومی شمال ایران است. بهمنظور تولید این گیاه در خارج از زیستگاه طبیعی آن، دو آزمایش مجزا شامل 1) تکثیر بذری از طریق پرایمینگ بذر با دما (4، 24 و 27 درجه سانتیگراد)، اسید جیبرلیک (50 و 100 میلیگرم در لیتر) و نیترات پتاسیم (1/0 و 2/0 درصد) و 2) تکثیر از طریق پیازهای پیشرس شده در دماهای 4، 24 و 27 درجه سانتیگراد به مدت 8 هفته، " 4 درجه سانتیگراد به مدت 4 هفته + 27 درجه سانتیگراد به مدت 4 هفته" و " 27 درجه سانتیگراد به مدت 4 هفته + 4 درجه سانتیگراد به مدت 4 هفته" اجرا شد. نتایج آزمایش پرایمینگ بذر نشان داد که بذرهای تیمار شده با دماهای 4 و 27 درجه سانتیگراد جوانه نزدند. مناسبترین تیمار در افزایش درصد جوانهزنی، سرعت جوانهزنی، طول گیاهچه و شاخص بنیه طولی گیاهچه، 100 میلیگرم در لیتر اسید جیبرلیک بود. در بین تیمارهایی که موفق به جوانهزنی شدند، کمترین مقادیر صفات ارزیابی شده بهترتیب متعلق به بذرهای تیمار شده با دمای 24 درجه سانتیگراد و 2/0 درصد نیترات پتاسیم بود. نتایج آزمایش پیشرس کردن پیازها نشان داد که تیمار پیازهای در حال رکود دانه برفی با دمای 4 درجه سانتیگراد به مدت 8 هفته جهت گلدهی این گیاه مناسب نیست. بیشترین تعداد گل (66/2)، قطر گل (70/21 میلیمتر)، تعداد روز از کاشت پیاز تا پایان گلدهی (5/149 روز) و تعداد برگ (6 برگ) متعلق به پیازهای تیمار شده با 27 درجه سانتیگراد به مدت 8 هفته بود، اما این تیمار بیشترین زمان تا ظهور غنچه (5/117 روز) را بخود اختصاص داد و تیمار مناسبی برای پیشرسی نبود گرچه از نظر تعداد گل و برگ، قطر گل و تعداد روز از کاشت پیاز تا پایان گلدهی مناسبترین تیمار بود. کمترین زمان تا ظهور غنچه (3/78 روز) با کاشت پیازهایی بدست آمد که با "27 درجه سانتیگراد به مدت 4 هفته + 4 درجه سانتیگراد به مدت 4 هفته" تیمار شده بودند؛ بنابراین این تیمار برای پیشرس کردن دانه برفی معرفی میشود.
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