Investigation of Tuberose's Quantitative Characteristics and Identification of Its Associated Pathogens under Different Levels of Nitrogen and Potassium in Khuzestan Province
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتیSeyed Hossein Mahmoodi Nezhad Dezfully 1 , Kaivan Karimi 2
1 - Soil and Water Research Department, Safiabad Agricultural Research and Education and Natural Resources Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Dezful, Iran
2 - Plant Protection Department, Safiabad Agricultural Research and Education and Natural Resources Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Dezful, Iran
کلید واژه: macro elements, Plant pest and disease, Quantitative parameters, <i>Polianthes tuberosa</i>,
چکیده مقاله :
This study aimed to assess the effect of different levels of nitrogen and potassium on tuberose's quantitative characteristics and identification of its associated pathogens in the Khuzestan province of Iran. The experiment was carried out at Safiabad Agricultural Research and Education and Natural Resources Center as a completely randomized factorial design with 3 replications. Factors included four levels of nitrogen (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg N ha-1) as Urea, three levels of potassium (0, 150 and 300 kg K2O ha-1) as potassium sulfate and a constant level of phosphorous (100 kg p 2O5 ha-1) as super phosphate. In current study, leaf nitrogen, spike length, leaf length, SPAD readings, leaf area index (LAI), optical depreciation coefficient, disease percentage and absorbed photosynthetically active radiation parameters were measured. The results showed that the effect of nitrogen on leaf length, SPAD readings, optical depreciation coefficient, absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, and disease percentage was significant at 0.05 probability level while on leaf nitrogen, spike length, and LAI was significant at 0.01 probability level. Potassium had no any significant effect on corresponding parameters in this experiment. In addition, the causal agents of necrotic spots on the tips and edges of the leaves and petals were identified as Botrytis sp., Curvularia sp., and Fusarium sp. while the main cause of necrotic spots on the petals was a thrips, which is probably eitherF.intonsaorF.schultzeispecies. Overall, the application of 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen and no application of K2O are the best treatments and recommended for florists (in planting large bulbs).
این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف نیتروژن و پتاسیم بر خصوصیات کمی گل مریم و شناسایی عوامل بیماریزای مرتبط با آن در استان خوزستان انجام شد. این آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل و در قالب بلوک کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی صفی آباد دزفول اجرا گردید. فاکتورها شامل چهار سطح نیتروژن شامل N1= 0، N2= 100، N3= 200 و N4= 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن خالص از منبع اوره و سه سطح پتاسیم شامل K1= 0، K2= 150 و K3= 300 کیلوگرم در هکتارK2O ازمنبع سولفات پتاسیم و 100 کیلوگرم p < sub>2O5 در هکتار از منبع سوپر فسفات تریپل بود. در این تحقیق نیتروژن برگ، طول خوشه، طول برگ، قرائت SPAD، شاخص سطح برگ (LAI)، ضریب استهلاک نوری، درصد بیماری و تابش فعال فتوسنتزی جذب شده اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که کود نیتروژن بر طول برگ، قرائت کلروفیل‌متر، ضریب استهلاک نوری، تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی جذب شده و درصد بیماری در سطح 5 درصد همچنین بر درصد نیتروژن برگ، طول خوشه و شاخص سطح برگ در سطح 1 درصد تأثیر معنی‌دار داشته است. پتاسیم اثر معنی داری بر پارامترهای اندازهگیری شده در این آزمایش نداشت. عوامل ایجاد کننده لکه های نکروزه در نوک و لبههای برگ و گلبرگBotrytis sp. ، .Curvularia sp و .Fusarium sp بودند. در حالی که علت اصلی ایجاد لکههای نکروزه روی گلبرگها، تریپس است که احتمالاً از گونههای F.intonsa یا F.schultzei است. بهطور کلی، کاربرد 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن و صفر کیلوگرم در هکتار K2O تیمار مناسب بدست آمده از نتایج پروژه است که میتوان به گل‌کاران (در کاشت پیاز درشت) توصیه نمود.
Akbari, P.A., Ghalavand, A.M., Modarres, S. and Agha Alikhani, M. 2011. The effect of biofertilizers, nitrogen fertilizer and farmyard manure on grain yield and seed quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Journal of Agricultural Technology, 7 (1): 173-184.
Akmal, M. and Janssens, M.J. 2004. Productivity and light use efficiency of perennial ryegrass with contrasting water and nitrogen supplies. Field Crops Research, 88: 143-155.
Al-Badawy, A.A., Abdalla, N.M. and El- Sayad, A.A.1995. Response of Calendula officinalis L. plants to different nitrogenous fertilizers. Hort Science, 30:195-914.
Amarjet, S., Godara, N.R. and Gupta, A.K. 2001 . Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash application on N. P. K content in leaves and bulbs of tuberose (Polianthes tuberose L.).Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 29 (1-2): 27-29.
Anonymous, 2020. 2ed Statistic Book. Ministry of Agriculture Jihad. Iran. http://www. maj. ir/ Index. aspx? Page [accessed July 2020].
Bagheri, S. 2007. Identification of Thysanoptera fauna in forests and pastures of Khuzestan; final report. Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization.
Bahadoran, M. and Salehi, H. 2015. Growth and flowering of two tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) cultivars under deficit irrigation by saline water. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 17: 415-426.
Dewitt, C.T. 1965. Photosynthesis of leaf canopies. Agricultural Research Report, 663. Pudoc, Wageningen.
Enfejari, M. and Bayat, H. 2018. Effect of bulb immersion duration with varying concentrations of complete NPK fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative properties of tuberose. Journal of Greenhouse Crops Science and Technology, 9 (1): 53-61.
Fageria, N.K. 1992. Maximizing crop yields. CRC Press, 288 p.
Gohari, J. 1994. Effects of various sources of nitrogen fertilizer and their values on the quantity and quality of sugar beet. Scientific-Research Journal of Sugar Beet, 10 (1-2): 23-34.
Jafari Haghighi, M. 2003. Soil analysis methods: Sampling and important physical and chemical analyses. Nedae Zoha Press, 240p.
Jones, H.G. 1992. Plants and microclimate. (2th Ed.) A quantitative approach to environment plant physiology. Cambridge University. Press, Cambridge.
Kadu, A.P., Kadu P.R. and Sable, A.S. 2009. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on growth, flowering and bulb production in tuberose cv. Single. Journal Soil and Crops, 19 (2): 367-370.
Khalaj, M.A. and Edrisi, B. 2013. Evaluation of the effect of nitrogen and planting density on nutrient uptake and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of tuberose flower (Polianthes tuberose L. cv. Double). Journal of Horticultural Sciences and Agricultural Industries, 27: 66-59.
Kiani, S.h., Alizadeh, A., Malakouti, M.J., Zadeh Dabbagh, G.h. and Tabatabai, S.J. 2008. Effect of pre-harvest application of various nitrate ammonium and calcium ratios on the susceptibility of rose cut flowers to gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. Journal of Plant Diseases, 44 (1): 73-92.
Kiniry, J.R., Simpson, C.R., Schubert, A.M. and Reed, J.D. 2005. Peanut leaf area index, light interception, radiation use efficiency and harvest index at three sites in Texas. Field Crops Research, 91: 297-306.
Kishore, G.R. and Singh, P.V. 2006. Effect of N.P.K fertilization on vegetative growth of tuberose (Polianthes tuberose L) cv. Single. Plant Archives, 6(1): 377-378.
Koocheki, A. and Khajeh Hosseini, M.K. 2008. Modern agronomy. Jahad Daneshghahi Mashhad Press. 712 pages. (In Persian)
Koochaki, A. and Soltani, A. 1996. Sugar beet cultivation (translation). Mashhad University Press. 200 pages. (In Persian)
Latiri-Souki, K., Nortcliff, S. and Lawlor, D.W. 1998. Nitrogen fertilizer can increase dry matter, grain production and radiation and water use efficiency for durum wheat under semi-arid condition. European Journal of Agronomy, 9: 21-34.
Marchner, H. 1983. Introduction to the mineral nutrition of plants. Handbook of Biology, 154: 31-38.
Mohana Sundaram, S., Dahiya, S.S. and Sukhbir, S. 2003. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the nutrient content of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.). Society of Horyana Hisar, India, 32 (1/2): 64-66.
Nasri, F. and Ghaderi, N. 2014. Effects of nitrogen biofertilizer, Paclobutrazol (PBZ), and tip cutting on some morphophysiological features of chrysanthemum flowers. Journal of Greenhouse Cultivation Science and Technology, 5 (20): 111-124.
Parmer, Y.S. 2007. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and biofertilizer application on plant growth and bulb production in tuberose. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 36 (1&2): 82-85.
Poletto, T., Muniz, M.F.B., Fantinel, V.S., Harakava, R. and Rolim, J.M. 2020. Characterization and pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum associated with Carya illinoinensis seedlings. Floresta e Ambiente, 27 (2): 2-9.
Rosati, A., Badeck, F.W. and Dejong, T.M. 2001. Estimating canopy light interception and absorption using leaf mass per unit area Solanum melongena. Annuals of Botany, 88: 101-109.
Roy, H. and Kenneth, A. 1989. Reader digest encyclopedia of garden plants and flowers. 4thed, NewYork, U.S.A.
Sharga, A.N. 1982. Effect of bulb size on vegetative growth and floral characters of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.). Progressive Horticulture, 14: 258-260.
Shour, M. 2003. Effect of cold storage and hormones on the shelf life of tuberose flowers. Ph.D. dissertation in horticulture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran.
Shour, M., Tehranifar, A. and Khoshnood Yazdi, A. 2010. Effect of some microelements on the quantitative characteristics of tuberose flower (cv. Double). Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 24 (1): 45-52.
Tabatabaei, S.G. 2009. Principles of plants mineral nutrition. Kharazmi Publications, Tabriz.
Taher, T., Golchin, A. and Seyfzadeh, S. 2013. Effect of nitrogen and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on the growth and quantitative characteristics of tuberose cut flowers (Polianthes tuberosa L.). Science and Technology of Greenhouse Cultivation, 4: 41-50
Younesi, P., Etebarian, A. and Roshanayi, M. 2014. Effect of plant nutrition and Fusarium wilt disease on cucumber caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. Journal of Plant Protection, Islamic Azad University of Shiraz, 6 (3): 297-308.
