Investigating Growth of Frankenia thymifolia as a Cover Plant During Drought Stress in Different Growth Media and Irrigation Periods
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی
Mohsen Majidi
1
(M.Sc. Student, Department of Horticulture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand
2
(Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Raheleh Ebrahimi
3
(Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
کلید واژه: manure, compost, Growth medium, drought, <i>Frankinia</i>,
چکیده مقاله :
There are some plants can replace grass among cover plants. Cover plants are obvious solution of problem in these places that the most important plant is Frankinia and Lisimakia etc. The aim of this study is to use organic wastes, biological fertilizers and moisture super absorbents in the growth media of Frankinia to increase water holding capacity, delay in permanent wilting point and drought stress control. The experiment was carried out during drought stress out of greenhouse in open space in 2017. A factorial experiment based on Randomized Completely Block Design with two factors was conducted. First factor was three periods of irrigation in 2 and 4 days and one week, second factor was different growth media including: 1.90% soil+10% manue, 2. 70% soil, 15% manure+ 15% vermicompost, 3.70% soil, 15% manure+ 15% vermicompost + 1 g/kg stockosorb (super absorbent), 4.50% soil, 25% manure+ 25% vermicompost and 5. 50% soil, 25% manure+ 25% vermicompost + 1 g/kg super absorbent. Rooted transplants of Frankinia in pots (diameter 12 cm and height 15 cm) were planted in boxes 30×30 cm numbered 6 every box. Morphological traits including longest branch, total number of lateral branches, dry and fresh weight of shoot, prolin, leaf relative water and the concentration of K, P, Fe and Zn in shoot and uptake of these nutrients by shoot, were measured. The growth media were analyzed for pH, EC, organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio and P and K available. Results showed the mixture 50-50 of soil and organic compounds (composted manure and vermicompost) is used as the growth medium. Using one g/kg superabsorbent in cited medium in compared with control medium (irrigation period 2 days), can increase irrigation period to one week.
در میان مجموعه غنی از گیاهان پوششی، گیاهانی یافت می­شوند که می­توانند جایگزین چمن شوند و می­توان آن­ها را برای جاهایی که چمن با شکست مواجه شده و یا مراقبت از آن دردسرساز بوده در نظر گرفت. گیاهان پوششی راه حلی آشکار برای این مکان­ها می­باشند که شاخص­ترین این گیاهان شامل فرانکینیا، سدوم، دایکوندرا، لیزوماکیا، آرنیا، آپتنیا و غیره... می­باشد. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، استفاده از ضایعات آلی، کودهای بیولوژیک و سوپر پلیمر‎های جاذب به منظور افزایش نگه داشت آب در خاک، تأخیر در نقطه پژمردگی دائم، کنترل تنش آبی و بهبود ظرفیت نگه داشت آب در بستر رشد گیاه فرانکینیا است. این آزمایش به منظور بررسی رشد گیاه فرانکینیا تحت شرایط تنش خشکی در سال 1396 تحت شرایط خارج از گلخانه و در محیط باز صورت گرفت. یک آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور، طراحی و اجرا گردید. فاکتور اول سه دوره آبیاری شامل 2 روز، 4 روز و 7 روز و فاکتور دوم پنج بستر کشت که شامل درصدهای متفاوتی از مواد تشکیل دهنده 1- بستر کشت شماره یک: شامل 90 درصد خاک زراعی + 10 درصد کود پوسیده دامی، 2- بستر کشت شماره دو: شامل 70 درصد خاک + 15 درصد کود پوسیده دامی + 15 درصد ورمی کمپوست، 3- بستر کشت شماره سه: شامل 70 درصد خاک + 15 درصد کود پوسیده دامی+ 15 درصد ورمی کمپوست + یک گرم بر کیلوگرم سوپر جاذب استوکوزورب، 4- بستر کشت شماره چهار: شامل 50 درصد خاک + 25 درصد کود پوسیده دامی + 25 درصد ورمی کمپوست، 5- بستر کشت شماره پنج: شامل 50 درصد خاک + 25 درصد کود پوسیده دامی + 25 درصد ورمی کمپوست+یک گرم بر کیلوگرم سوپرجاذب می باشد. نشاهای گیاه فرانکینیا که در گلدان هایی با قطر دهانه 12و ارتفاع 15 سانتی متر از قبل ریشه دار شده بودند، به ترتیب در پلات های مستطیلی شکل به ابعاد 30 در 30 سانتی متر و به تعداد 6 عدد نشاء در هر پلات کاشته شد. صفات مورفولوژیکی شامل طول بلندترین شاخه، تعداد کل شاخه های جانبی، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، میزان پرولین موجود در گیاه، میزان آب نسبی برگ و غلظت عناصر در اندام هوایی شامل پتاسیم، فسفر، آهن و روی اندازه­گیری شد. بسترهای کشت خاک از نظر pH، EC، کربن آلی، نیتروزن کل، نسبت C/N، فسفر و پتاسیم قابل جذب تجزیه شد.نتایج نشان داد که برای رشد بیشتر فرانکینیا، از مخلوط 50- 50 از خاک و مواد آلی (کود دامی پوسیده و ورمی­کمپوست) به عنوان بستر کاشت استفاده شود. با استفاده از یک گرم بر کیلوگرم سوپرجاذب رطوبت در بستر کشت بالا، در مقایسه با بستر شاهد (آبیاری 2 روز) می­توان دور آبیاری را به یک هفته افزایش داد.
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