Physiological Characteristics of Two Rose Cultivars (Rosa hybrida L.) under Different Levels of Shading in Greenhouse Conditions
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتیMansoure Hatamian 1 , Hassan Salehi 2
1 - PhD student, Dept. of Horticultural Science, University of Lorestan, Khoram-Abad-Iran
2 - Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticulture, University of Shiraz
کلید واژه: Quality, Rose, Light intensity, Catalase, peroxidase, Physiological traits, Anthocyanin,
چکیده مقاله :
In many parts of Iran high light intensities during summer can induce stress in cut flower production under open field and greenhouse conditions. Despite roses prefer sunny places for optimum growth, but in practice some levels of rough shading is applied in greenhouse production to improve the quality of cut flowers. So, it is useful to find the light intensities under which different rose cultivars produce optimum yield with acceptable market quality. In present study, different light intensities were applied for two rose cultivars of ‘Red One’ and ‘Gulmira’, by shading levels of 1200 (without shading as control), 640, 520 and 240 µmol m-2 s-1, using green plastic nets. The result showed that leaf protein concentration, peroxidase activity, petal anthocyanin concentration and carbohydrate levels were significantly different among shade treatments, as the highest protein concentration was observed in 640 µmolm-2 s-1. The highest concentration of anthocyanin of petals was observed in ʻRed Oneʼ under 520 µmolm-2 s-1. Furthermore, in ʻGulmiraʼ the highest amount of anthocynin was in 520 µmol m-2 s-1, but this was not statistically significant compared to other shading treatments. The highest amount of leaf carbohydrate was in 520 µmol m-2 s-1. The results indicate that shading up to a light intensity of 520 µmol m-2 s-1 is beneficial for quality improvement of these rose cultivars when light intensity is high.
در بسیاری مناطق ایران شدت نور در طول تابستان میتواند منجر به تنش نوری در گیاهان تحت شرایط گلخانه و هوای آزاد شود. علیرغم اینکه رزها جهت رشد بهینه مکانهای آفتابی را میپسندند، اما در عمل به صورت تجربی مقداری سایهدهی در تولید رزهای گلخانهای در بین کشاورزان منطقه جهت بهبود کیفیت گل تولیدی اعمال میشود. یافتن شدت نوری که ارقام مختلف رز عملکرد و کیفیت مطلوب را تولید کنند بسیار ضروری است. در مطالعه حاضر شدت نورهای مختلف برای دو رقم رز "Red One" و “Gulmira” بوسیله سطوح مختلف سایهدهی 1200، 640، 520 و 240 میکرومول بر مترمربع بر ثانیه بوسیله توریهای پلاستیکی سبز رنگ بکار رفت. نتایج نشان داد که غلظت پروتئین برگ، فعالیت پراکسیداز، مقادیر کربوهیدراتها و غلظت آنتوسیانین گلبرگ به طور معنیداری تحت تأثیر سطوح سایهدهی قرار گرفتند. بالاترین غلظت پروتئین در تیمار شدت نور 640 میکرومول بر مترمربع بر ثانیه بدست آمد. بالاترین غلظت آنتوسیانین گلبرگها در رقم “Red One” و تحت شدت نور 520 میکرومول بر مترمربع بر ثانیه بدست آمد. در رقم “Gulmira” نیز بیشترین مقدار آنتوسیانین در همین شدت نور بدست آمد ولی تفاوت آماری با دیگر تیمارهای سایهدهی نداشتند. بیشترین غلظت کربوهیدراتهای برگ در شدت نور 520 میکرومول بر مترمربع بر ثانیه بدست آمد. نتایج بطور کلی بیانگر آن است که وقتی شدت نور بالاست، سایهدهی تا یک شدت نور حدود 520 میکرومول بر مترمربع بر ثانیه میتواند منجر به بهبود کیفی گل رز شود.
Aebi, H.E. 1984. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymology, 105: 121-126.
Biran, I., and Halevy, M. 1974. Factors determining petal colour of ‘Baccara’ roses. Experimental Botany, 25: 614-623.
Bradford, M.M. 1976. Rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding.Annual Review of Biochemistry, 72: 248–25.
Brand, M.H. 1997. Shade influences plant growth, leaf color and chlorophyll content of Kalmia latifolia L. cultivars. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, 32: 206-208.
Bredmose, N.B. 1993. Effect of year-round supplementary lighting on shoot development, flowering and quality of two glasshouse rose cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 54: 69-85.
Cermeneo, P., Sotomayor, J.A. Serrano, Z. and Escobar, A.I. 2001. The effects of solar radiation on Dendranthema. Acta Horticulturae,559: 339–344.
Dole, J.M. and Wilkins, H.F. 1999. Floriculture principle and species. Printice-Hall. United States of America. 423pp.
Duriyaprapan, S. and Britten, E.J. 1982. The effects of solar radiation on plant growth, oil yield and oil quality of Japanese mint. Experimental Botany, 33: 1319-1324.
Estaji, A., Souri, M.K. and Omidbaigi, R. 2011. Evaluation of different levels of nitrogen and flower pruning on milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) yield and fatty acids. Zeitschrift fur Arznei und Gewurzpflanzen, 4: 170-175.
Farhadi, N., Souri, M.K., Alirezalu, A. and Moghaddam, M. 2013. Effect of sowing dates on quantity and quality of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) under semi-arid condition in Iran. Zeitschrift fur Arznei-und Gewurzpflanzen, 18: 72-77.
Faust, J. 2004. Light management in greenhouses (Research Report). Available at: http://www.specmeters.com/pdf/articles/A051.pdf.
Ganele Vin, R. and Zieslin, N. 2001. Effect of flower bud shading on growth and development of rose flowers. Acta Horticulturae, 547: 403–405.
Hamerlynck, E., Tuba, Z., Csintalan, Z., Nagy, Z., Henebry, G., Goodin, D. 2000. Diurnal variation in photochemical dynamics and surface reflectance of the desiccation-tolerant moss, Tortula ruralis. Plant Ecology, 151: 55-63.
Hlatshwayo, M.S., and Wahome, P.K. 2010. Effects of shading on growth, flowering and cut flower quality in carnation (Dianthus caryohyllus). Journal of Agriculture and Social Sciences, 6: 34-38.
Hosseini, S.M.A., Souri, M.K., Farhadi, N., Moghadam, M. and Omidbaigi, R. 2014. Changes in glycyrrhizin content of Iranian licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) affected by different root diameter and ecological conditions. Agricultural Communication, 2: 27-33.
Jeong, K.Y. and Pasian, C.C. 2007. Response of six Begonia species to different shading levels. Acta Horticulturae, 761: 215–220.
Kallies, A., Mohsenzadeh, S. and Rensing, L. 1992. Effects of light on protein secretion in Neurospora crassa. Archive of Microbiology, 157: 104-106.
Liu, Z., Taub, C.C. and McClung, C.R. 1996. Identification of an Arabidopsis thaliana ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase (RCA) minimal promoter regulated by light and the circadian clock. Plant Physiology, 112(1): 43-51.
Maekawa, S., Terabun, M. and Nakamura, N. 1980. Effect of ultraviolet and visible light on flower pigmentation of ‘Ehigasa’ roses. Journal of Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 49: 251-259.
Malek Ahmadi, F., Manuchehri Kalantari, Kh. and Tork Zade, M. 2005. The Effect of water logging stress on the induction of oxidative stress and mineral concentrations in pepper plants (Capsicum annum L.).Iranian Journal of Biology, 18: 110-119.
Mc Cain, D.C. 1995. Combined effects of light and water stress on chloroplast volume regulation. Biophysical Journal, 69: 1105-1110.
Merzlyak, M. and Chivkunova, O.B. 2000. Light-stress-induced pigment changes and evidence for anthocyanin photoprotection in apples. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, 55: 155–163.
Oren-Shamir, M. and Levi-Nissim, A. 1997. UV-light effect on the leaf pigmentation of Cotinus coggygria ‘Royal Purple’. Scientia Horticulturae, 71: 59-66.
Sakamaki, Y. and Ino, Y. 2002. Influence of shade timing on an Equisetum arvense L. population. Ecological Research, 6: 673-686.
Shang, W. and Feierabend, J. 1999. Dependence of catalase photoinactivation in rye leaves on light intensity and quality and characterization of a chloroplast-mediated inactivation in red light. Photosynthesis Research, 59: 201–213.
Souri, M. K., Neumann, G. and Römheld, V. 2009. Nitrogen forms and water consumption in tomato plants. Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology, 50(5), 377-383.
Souri, M.K. and Römheld, V. 2009. Split Daily Applications of ammonium can not ameliorate ammonium toxicity in tomato plants. Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology, 50(5): 384-391.
Taiz, L. and Zieger, E. 2002. Plant Physiology. 3 Edition. Sinauer Associates Publisher. 690 pp.
van Doorn, W.G. and Vojinovic, A. 1996. Petal abscission in rose flowers: Effects of water potential, light intensity and light quality. Annals of Botany, 78: 619-623.
van Staden, J., Zieslin, N., Spiegelstein, H. and Halevy, A.H. 1981. The effect of light on cytokinin content of developing rose shoots. Annals of Botany, 47: 155-157.
Villegas, E., Perez, M. and Lao, M.T. 2006. Influence of lighting levels by shading cloths on Cyclamen persicum quality. Acta Horticulturae, 711: 145-150.
Wang, Y.T. and Breen, P.J. 1987. Distribution, storage, and remobilization of 14C-labeled assimilate in Easter lily. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, 112: 569-573.
Wilson, A.L., Punginelli, C., Gall, A., Bonetti, C., Alexandre, M., Routaboul, L.M., Kerfeld, C.A., Grondelle, R.V., Robert, B., Kennis, J.T.M. and Kirilovsky, D. 2008. A photoactive carotenoid protein acting as light intensity sensor. Plant Biology, 33: 12075–12080.
Xu, Q., Huang, B. and Wang, Z. 2004. Effect of extended day length on shoot growth and carbohydrate metabolism for creeping bent grass exposed to heat stress. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, 2: 193-197.
Zhang, M., Cao, T., Ni, L., Xie, P. and Li, Z. 2009. Carbon, nitrogen and antioxidant enzyme responses of Potamogeton crispus to both low light and high nutrient stresses. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 68(1): 44-50.
Zhou, Y., Lam, H.M. and Zhang, J. 2007. Inhibition of photosynthesis and energy dissipation induced by water and high light stresses in rice. Experimental Botany, 58: 1207–1217.
