تنوع بخشی مشاغل و چالش‌های آن در توسعه پایدار روستائی از دیدگاه کارشناسان(مطالعه موردی: روستاهای شهرستان لنگرود)

محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی روستایی و عشایری

حبیب اله رضادوست ¹ , علیرضا استعلاجی ² , محمدصادق اللهیاری ³ , مجید ولی شریعت پناهی ⁴

1 - دانش آموخته دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، واحد یادگارامام خمینی (ره) شهر ری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استاد گروه جغرافیا، واحد یادگارامام خمینی (ره) شهر ری ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشیارگروه مدیریت کشاورزی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
4 - دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، واحد یادگار امام خمینی (ره) شهر ری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/04/17 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/11/13 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/09/01

کلید واژه: متنوع سازی, مشاغل, کارشناسان, دلفی,

چکیده مقاله :

در اکثر کشورهای در حال توسعه، بخش کشاورزی نقش مهمی در ایجاد درآمد و فرصت‌های شغلی جهت رفع نیازهای مناطق روستایی ایفا می‌کند. به طوری که فقدان تنوع در بسترهای اقتصادی و فرصت‌های شغلی از مهم‌ترین ویژگی‌های روستاهای کشور است. در این راستا؛ رویکرد متنوع‌سازی فعالیت‌های اقتصادی روستایی بایستی به عنوان راهکاری مفید مورد توجه قرار گیرد. تحقیق حاضر با هدف شناخت چالش های متنوع سازی فعالیت‌های اقتصادی در روستاهای شهرستان لنگرود انجام شد. در این مطالعه، از روش دلفی در دو مرحله استفاده شد که جهت انجام این پژوهش تعداد 15 کارشناس به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند. با توجه به اینکه در این مقاله، مهم‌ترین چالش‌ها از دیدگاه کارشناسان مورد تحلیل قرار می‌گیرد در مرحله اول برای 16 نفر از کارشناسان از سوالات باز استفاده شد. در راند دوم با استفاده از تحلیل محتوای نتایج مرحله اول، پرسشنامه مرحله دوم با استفاده از طیف لیکرت طراحی شد، پنل متخصصان در این پژوهش 113 مشکل را در مسیر توسعه و تنوع بخشی اشتغال روستایی مطرح کردند. نتایج نشان داد که مهم‌ترین مشکلات عبارتند از: نبود رابطه نزدیک بین صاحبان علم و دانش با تولیدکنندگان و صاحبان مشاغل روستاها(میانگین: 69/8 انحراف معیار: 31/1)، فقدان انگیزه لازم برای انجام فعالیت‌های کشاورزی(میانگین: 61/8 انحراف معیار: 39/1)، عدم شناخت دقیق، علمی و طبقه‌بندی شده مسئولین مرتبط با اشتغال از مفهوم تنوع بخشی در جوامع روستایی (میانگین: 54/8، انحراف معیار: 71/1) و فقدان ثبات در برنامه‌ها و سیاست‌های اجرایی در روستاهای شهرستان لنگرود(میانگین: 31/8 انحراف معیار: 06/2) که عدم تنوع شغلی را به همراه داشتند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In most developing countries, the agricultural sector plays an important role in generating income and job opportunities to meet the needs of rural areas. So that the lack of diversity in economic contexts and job opportunities is one of the most important features of the country's villages. In this regard; the approach of diversifying rural economic activities should be considered as a useful solution. The aim of this study was to identify the challenges of diversification of economic activities in Langroud township . In this study, the Delphi method was used in two stages and 15 experts were purposefully selected to do this research. In order to analyze the most important challenges from the perspective of experts in this article, in the first stage, open-ended questions were used for 16 experts. In the second round, using content analysis of the results of the first stage, the second stage questionnaire was designed using the Likert scale. In this study, a panel of experts identified 113 problems in the development and diversification of rural employment. The results showed that the most important problems were "lack of close relationship between science and knowledge owners with producers and rural business owners, lack of motivation to do agricultural activities, lack of accurate, scientific and classified knowledge of employment-related officials about the concept of diversification in rural communities and lack of stability in the programs and executive policies in the villages of Langroud township" which resulted in a lack of job diversity.

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