تحلیل مکانی پراکنده رویی شهری و اثرات آن بر برابری دسترسی به بیمارستان ها در کلانشهر تهران
محورهای موضوعی : جغرافیای طبیعی و سکونتگاههای انسانیطاهره قائمی راد 1 , عباس علیمحمدی 2
1 - دانشجوی دکتری سیستم های اطلاعات مکانی، دانشکده ژئوماتیک، دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی، تهران، ایران
2 - استاد گروه سیستم های اطلاعات مکانی، دانشکده ژئوماتیک، دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: دسترسی, کلانشهر تهران, پراکنده رویی شهری, شاخص گسترش وزندار شهری (WUP),
چکیده مقاله :
رشد شهرنشینی به خصوص در کشورهای در حال توسعه منجر به ایجاد پراکنده رویی شهری شده است. پراکنده رویی شهری در تهران منجر به ایجاد چالش های متعددی در تحقق توسعه پایدار گردیده است. در این پژوهش، پراکنده رویی شهری در زون های ترافیکی (TAZ) شهر تهران در یک دوره بیست ساله (2020-2001) با استفاده از شاخص گسترش وزندار شهری (WUP ) به صورت مکانی بررسی شده است. سپس، کمترین فاصله دسترسی هر TAZ تا مراکز بیمارستانی با استفاده از تحلیل شبکه محاسبه و رابطه میان پراکنده رویی و دسترسی بررسی شده است. نهایتا، منحنی لورنز و ضریب جینی جهت تعیین میزان برابری شهروندان در دسترسی به بیمارستان ها محاسبه شده اند. نتایج نشان می دهند که پراکنده رویی طی دو دهه گذشته در تهران کاهش قابل توجهی داشته است. لذا به دلیل رابطه مستقیم میان پراکندگی و فاصله دسترسی، بیشترین فاصله تا نزدیکترین بیمارستان ها نیز حدود 3 کیلومتر کاهش یافته است. با این وجود، ضریب جینی دسترسی به بیمارستان ها در سال 2020 افزایش 10% را نشان می دهد. به طوریکه در سال 2001، %90 از فرصت های بیمارستانی در میان %29 از شهروندان توزیع شده بود که این میزان در سال 2020 به %7 رسیده است. نتایج نشان می دهند کاهش پراکنده رویی شهری می تواند منجر به ارتقاء استانداردها و کاهش نابرابری دسترسی به سرویس ها شود. با این وجود، کاهش نابرابری در دسترسی علاوه بر کاهش پراکنده رویی شهری به توجه ویژه به متغیرهای اجتماعی-اقتصادی و مدیریت صحیح شهر نیز بستگی دارد.
Increasing trend of urbanization particularly in developing countries has led to urban sprawl. Urban sprawl in Tehran has led to several challenges in achieving sustainable development. A spatial analysis on urban sprawl in traffic area zones (TAZ) of Tehran has been investigated for the past two decades (2001-2020) using the Weighted Urban Proliferation (WUP) method. Then, the minimum access distance between each pair of TAZ-hospital has been calculated using Network Analysis and the relation between sprawl determinants and accessibility has been investigated. Finally, the Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients have been calculated. Results show that the sprawl level has decreased significantly in Tehran over the past two decades. Consequently, because of the direct relationship between dispersion and access distance, the maximum distance to the nearest hospitals has been reduced about 3 kilometers. However, the calculated Gini coefficients show a 10% growth over the study period; in a way that, in 2001, 90% of hospital opportunities were distributed among 29% of population, while in 2020 the same share of opportunities are distributed among only 7% of population. Results indicate that urban sprawl reduction can only increase accessibility standards and promoting equity of accessibility requires proper attention and management of socio-economic variables along with urban sprawl.
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