تدوین مدل توسعه شرکت های کوچک و متوسط کارآفرین در روستاهای استان ایلام
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
نبی امیدی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت مالی، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران)
اسفندیار محمدی
2
(دانشیار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران)
یاسان اله پوراشرف
3
(دانشیار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران)
کرم خلیلی
4
(استادیار گروه مدیریت، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران)
کلید واژه: شرکت های کوچک و متوسط, روستا, کارآفرینی, ایلام,
چکیده مقاله :
شرکت های کوچک و متوسط با دارا بودن ویژگی های چون ، انعطاف و انطباق پذیری محیطی در شرایط متغییر ، نیازمندی به سرمایه اندک و سادگی ساختار ، همخوانی مناسبی با وضعیت اقتصادی روستاهای ایران دارند. این پژوهش کمّی و ماهیت و هدف آن کاربردی و ازنظر گردآوری دادهها نیز توصیفی- پیمایشی می‌باشد. برای تحلیل دادهها از نرم‌افزار SPSS به‌عنوان نرم‌افزار اصلی و از نرم‌افزار LISREL به‌عنوان نرم‌افزار کمکی برای روش تحلیل عاملی (از نوع اکتشافی) استفاده شد. جامعة آماری تحقیق شامل 598 نفر از کارشناسان و مدیران دستگاه‌‌های اجرایی فعالان اقتصادی روستاها (کارآفرینان و تعاونی‌داران روستایی) و اساتید دانشگاه بودند .در این پژوهش از میان 38 متغیر شناسایی شده ، بعد از انجام بررسی های لازم و زمینه شمولیت متغییرها ، جمعاً 20 متغیّر مؤثر بر ایجاد و توسعة شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط،در روستاها شناسایی شدند. پس از به‌کار بردن تحلیل عاملی، برای تعیین تعداد عوامل از روش کیسر استفاده شد. برپایة این ملاک، عوامل تامین مالی و نهاده های تولیدی، عوامل حمایتی و ترغیبی ، عوامل آموزشی و مهارتی و عوامل فرهنگی و اجتماعی ، دارای ارزش ویژة بالای 1 شناسایی و به‌عنوان عوامل قابل استخراج تعیین شدند. نام گذاری این عوامل باتوجه به محتوای متغیرها و با و در‌نظر گرفتن ادبیات و پیشینة تحقیق، انجام گرفت. با توجه به شاخص‌‌های آماری با استفاده از روش تحلیل عوامل اصلی، این 4 عامل در‌مجموع 7531/0 درصد از واریانس کل متغیّرها را توانستند تبیین کنند.
Small and medium enterprises with such characteristics as flexibility and environmental adaptability in changing conditions, low capital requirements and simplicity of structure, have a good consistency with the economic situation of border villages in Iran. In most developed countries, the focus of activities and innovations is on small and medium enterprises.The statistical population of the study consisted of 598 experts and managers of executive agencies of rural economic activists (entrepreneurs and rural cooperative) and university professors. Among them, 235 people were selected by sample sampling method using Cochran formula. On the basis of this criterion, financing factors and production factors, supporting and encouraging factors, educational and skill factors, and cultural and social factors, were identified with a high value of 1 and identified as extractable factors. The naming of these factors was done with regard to the content of the variables and with regard to the literature and background of the research. Regarding the statistical indices, using the main factors analysis method, these four factors were able to explain 7531% of the variance of the total variables.
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