آسیب شناسی کالبدی – فضایی توسعه گردشگری در روستاهای ساحلی ( مطالعه موردی: شهرستان رشت)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ایمانا کشوردوست 1 , تیمور آمار 2
1 - دانش آموخته دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه جغرافیا ، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
کلید واژه: توسعه گردشگری, نواحی روستایی, آسیب شناسی, شهرستان رشت, سواحل,
چکیده مقاله :
گردشگری ابزاری برای توسعه مناطق روستایی محسوب می شود. این روند موجب پدیدآیی اثرات گوناگون به دلیل شکنندگی و آسیب پذیری در برابر تغییرات محیطی و انسانی در روستاهای ساحلی شهرستان رشت گردیده است. لذا به لحاظ مشهود بودن تحولات سنوات اخیر، به آسیب شناسی توسعه این صنعت پرداخته شده است. روش انجام پژوهش، توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده و دارای ماهیت کاربردی می باشد. در گردآوری داده ها از شیوه اسنادی - میدانی و جهت تحلیل پیامدهای توسعه گردشگری و تغییرات کاربری، ابتدا تصاویر ماهواره ای لندست،سنجنده ETM + و OLI سال های 2000 و 2017 تهیه و پیش پردازش آن ها انجام شد؛ سپس نقشه کاربری اراضی با روش طبقه بندی نظارت شده (SVM) در نرم افزار ENVI تهیه گردید. با بررسی نقشه ها، نتایج نشانگر افزایش مساحت مناطق انسان ساخت از 749/88به 1485/99 هکتار و تقلیل مساحت کاربری شالیزار از 2282/31 به 561/24 می باشد. برایند پژوهش حاکی از تاثیرات نظام نوین جهانی بر ابعاد کالبدی- فضایی کشورهای جنوب و در نهایت در ساختار روستاها، گسترش فضاهای ناهمگن تقاضا محور و پدیدآیی پیامدهای کالبدی ناسازگار و مداخله غیر نظام مند در مناطق ساحلی و پسکرانه ای بوده است. از این رو، فقدان برنامه ریزی می تواند عدم تحقق آثار مثبت گردشگری و بوجود آمدن پیامدهای منفی به ویژه در بعد کالبدی- فضایی را در پی داشته باشد و با توجه به لزوم حفظ این منبع جهت تامین نیازهای نسل کنونی و آتی، می بایست مورد استفاده اصولی قرار گیرد.
Tourism is a tool for the development of rural areas. This process has caused various impacts due to fragility and vulnerability to environmental and human changes in the coastal villages of Rasht city. Therefore, due to the evident evolution of recent years, the pathology of development of this industry has been addressed. The research method is descriptive-analytic and has a practical nature. In collecting data from the documentary-field method and for analyzing the consequences of tourism development and user variations, Landsat satellite imagery, ETM + and OLI sensors were prepared and pre-processed in 2000 and 2017; then, land use map by method Supervised classification (SVM) was developed in ENVI software. By reviewing the maps, the results indicate an increase in the area of man-made areas from 749.88 to 148599 ha and the reduction of the land use area from2823.31 to561.24. Research has shown that the impact of the new global system on the physical and physical dimensions of the South, and ultimately on the structure of the villages, the expansion of heterogeneous demand-oriented spheres and the emergence of incompatible physical consequences and non-systematic intervention in coastal and sheltered areas. Therefore, the lack of planning can lead to a lack of realization of the positive effects of tourism and the emergence of negative consequences, especially in the space-related dimension, and given the need to preserve this resource for the needs of the current and future generations, Principle use.
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