بررسی عوامل کلیدی موثر بر توسعه چشم‌انداز مستقل جوامع روستایی (مطالعه موردی: بخش مرکزی شهرستان زنجان)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی روستایی و عشایری
لیلا حسنلو
1
(
دانشجوی دکترا جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ، دانشگاه خوارزمی ، ایران ، تهران
)
حمید جلالیان
2
(
دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، ایران ، تهران
)
جلال خمری
3
(
دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
)
کلید واژه: توسعه پایدار, شهرستان زنجان, تحلیل شبکه فازی, توسعه چشم‌انداز, چشم‌انداز روستایی,
چکیده مقاله :
فقدان برنامه جامع منجر به ایجاد اختلال در توسعه روستایی و ساخت و ساز و ترکیب ساختمان‌های جدید و قدیمی در جوامع روستایی شده است. فضاهای آشفته و بهم‌ریخته روستایی و تخریب محیط زیست به موانع چشم‌انداز روستایی تبدیل شده‌اند. لذا هدف این مطالعه بررسی عوامل کلیدی موثر بر توسعه چشم‌انداز مستقل جوامع روستایی است. تحقیق حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی و روش انجام آن، توصیفی- تحلیلی است. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها و اطلاعات پرسش‌نامه خبرگان بوده است. جامعة آماری تحقیق شامل کارشناسان و اساتید امور روستایی شهرستان زنجان بوده، که با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند 35 کارشناس برای انجام مقایسات زوجی انتخاب شد. از طریق بررسی ادبیات تحقیق و نظر کارشناسان شامل 8 معیار و 30 زیرمعیار برای این منظور تعیین گردید. برای بررسی و شناسایی این عوامل و تعیین کمیت و اهمیت وزن آنها از فرآیند تحلیل شبکه‌ای فازی(FANP) استفاده شد. نتایج به دست آمده از مدل ارائه شده نشان می‌دهد که ورودی نیروی انسانی (322/0)، توسعه خلاق (245/0) و تخصص فنی (213/0) مهم‌ترین عوامل توسعه و موفقیت توسعه چشم‌انداز روستایی می‌باشند. لذا برای توسعه و حفاظت از منابع و چشم‌انداز روستایی، برنامه‌ریزان و سازمان‌های توسعه روستایی باید به آموزش مدیریت و رهبری، نیروی انسانی تحصیلکرده و تخصص مردم محلی توجه کافی داشته باشند.
The lack of a comprehensive plan has led to disturbances in rural development and in making and combining old and new structures in rural communities. Disturbed rural spaces and destruction of environment have become challenges in the way of rural outlook. Therefore, the purpose of this current study is to investigate the effective key factors on rural communities independent development outlook. This study from a methodology, application, and purpose point of view is analytic-descriptive. Questionnaires were used as a means of gathering data and information. The focus group was comprised of experts and professors on rural matters of the city of Zanjan, who were chosen by targeted sampling method, during which 35 experts were chosen to perform coupled comparisons. By studying research literature and asking for experts’ opinions, 8 indices and 30 sub-indices were picked for this study. To investigate and identify these factors and to determine the quantity and importance of their weight, we used Phasic Analysis of Network Process (FANP). The results of this model indicated that input of man power (0.322), development of ethics (0.245), and technical expertise (0.213) are the most important factors in development and success of the development of the outlook of rural communities. So, to develop and preserve resources and rural outlook, those in charge of planning and rural development organizations should pay enough attention to training management and leadership, educated man power, and to the expertise of local people.
Agnoletti, M. (2014), Rural landscape, nature conservation and culture: Some notes on research trends and management approaches from a (southern) European perspective, Landscape and Urban Planning, Volume 126, pp 66-73
Ahmadimirgaed, F. Mohammadzadeh, M. (2017), Investigating and Identifying Important and Effective Elements in Aesthetic Quality Evaluation of Types of Landforms, Quarterly Journal of Human and Environment, Volume 15, Issue 3, pp 59 – 72. (in persion).
Anderson, N. M. Ford, R. M. and Williams, J. H. (2017), Contested beliefs about land-use are associated with divergent representations of a rural landscape as place, Landscape and Urban Planning, Volume 157, pp 75-89.
Antrop, M. (2004), Landscape change and the urbanization process in Europe, Landscape and Urban Planning, Volume 67, pp 9- 26.
Ares, R. Fuentes, J. M. Gallego, E. Ayuga, F. and García, A. I. (2012), Use of the labour-intensive method in the repair of a rural road serving an indigenous community in Jocotán (Guatemala), Science and Engineering Ethics, Volume 18, pp 315- 338.
Arnheim, R. (1977), the dynamics of architectural form University of California Press, Berkeley.
Bazafshan, J. Toulabinejad, M. (2016). Analysis and Investigation of the Impact of Investment on the Empowerment and Welfare of Rural Households (Case Study: Malavi Village of Poldokhtar). Research and Rural planning, 5, 179-195. (in persion)
Bell, S., (2004), Landscape, Pattern, Perception and Process. Translated from English into Persian by B. Aminzadeh. Tehran: Tehran University Press.
Chang, K. F. and Chou, P.C. (2011), A study on adapting the sustainable concept for the assessment system of the rural village in Pintung County, , International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Informa, Volume 12, pp 23- 34.
Eskandari, S. Moradi, A. (2012). Land Use and Analysis of Sewer Village Landscape Elements in terms of Environment. Journal of Environmental Studies, 38, 35-44. (in persion)
De Monti, A. Ledda, A. Serra, V. Noce, M. Barra, M. De Montis, S. (2017), A method for analyzing and planning rural built-up landscapes: The case of Sardinia, Italy, Land Use Policy, Volume 62, pp 113-131.
Di Fazio, S. (1989), Designing agricultural buildings in relation to the landscape, in: V.A. Dodd, P.M. Grace (Eds.), Proceedings of the 11th International Congress on Agricultural Engineering, Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 1191–1198.
Estavillo, C. Pardini, R. Rocha, P.L.B.D. (2013), Forest loss and the biodiversity threshold: An evaluation considering species habitat requirements and the use of matrix habitats, Journal Information, Volume 8, pp 823- 869
Garcia-Melon, Monica, Javier Ferris-Onate, Jeronimo Aznar-Bellver, Pablo Aragonés-Beltran, and Rocio Poveda-Bautista (2008), Farmland appraisal based on the analytic network Process, Journal of Global Optimization, Volume 42, pp 143-155.
Gibson, J. J. (2015), The ecological approach to visual perception: classic edition, Classic Edition published 2015 by Psychology Press, 711 Third Avenue, New York
Gladkova, A. Romero-Trillo, J. (2014), Ain’t it beautiful? The conceptualization of beauty from an ethnopragmatic perspective, Journal of Pragmatics, Volume 60, pp 140- 159.
Guoping, R. Liming, L. Yonghu, F. Chengcheng, U. and Zhijun, S. (2016), Analysis of characteristic and influencing factors of rural settlement landscape pattern in metropolitan suburbs, Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Volume 32, lssue 2, pp 220-229.
Howley, P. (2011), Landscape aesthetics: Assessing the general publics' preferences towards rural landscapes, Ecological Economics, Volume 72, pp 161-169.
Hsieh, H.C. (2002), Dilemma and response on transformation of rural community industry in Taiwan, Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Volume 23, pp 32- 36.
Hsu, C. F. and Sun, H.C. (2011), Study on the improvement of rural facade. Urban Constr, International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Informa, Volume, 22, pp 810- 811.
Jing ’an, Sh, (2009), Case study of mountainous landscape planning for metropolitan outskirts, Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Volume 25, lssue 2, pp 228-234.
Liang, T. C., Peng, S. H., (2017), Using Analytic Hierarchy Process to Examine the Success Factors of Autonomous Landscape Development in Rural Communities, Sustainability 2017, Volume 9, , lssue 5, pp 1- 17.
Liu, C .Z, Lai, Y.S. (2012), A study on village renewal and community reconstruction. Rural development Perspect, Volume 14, pp 60- 89.
Makhtom, majid. Design and engineering of national and forest parks. Tehran, University Publication Center. (in persion)
Makhark, Rayan.(2007). Design with nature. Mashhad. Publications University of Mashhad. (in persion)
Nair. V, Whitelaw. A. P, (2015), Redefining Rural Tourism in Malaysia: A Conceptual Perspective, Journal Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, Volume 20, Issue 3, pp 314- 337.
Ndubisi, F., (2002), Ecological Planning: A Historical and Comparative Synthesis Center Books on Contemporary Landscape Design, Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 288.
Qi, K. Fan, Z, Ng, C. N. Wang, X. Xie, Y. (2017), Functional analysis of landscape connectivity at the landscape, component, and patch levels: A case study of Minqing County, Fuzhou City, China, Applied Geography, Volume 80, pp 64-77.
Raymond, C. M. Bieling, C. Fagerholm, N. Martin-Lopez, B. and Plieninger, T. (2016), The farmer as a landscape steward: Comparing local understandings of landscape stewardship, landscape values, and land management actions, Ambio, Volume 45, Issue 2, pp 173- 184
Schönhart, M. Schauppenlehner. T. Kuttner, M. Kirchner, M. and Schmid, E. (2016), Climate change impacts on farm production, landscape appearance, and the environment: Policy scenario results from an integrated field-farm-landscape model in Austria, Agricultural Systems, Volume 145, pp 39-50.
Tassinari, P. Torreggiani, D. Benni, S. Dall’Ara, E. and Pollicino, G. (2011), The Farm Build model (farm building landscape design): First definition of parametric tools, Journal of Cultural Heritage, Volume 12, Issue 4, pp 485-493.
Valmohammadi. Ch, Dashti. Sh, (2016), Using interpretive structural modeling and fuzzy analytical process to identify and prioritize the interactive barriers of e-commerce implementation, Information and Management, Volume 53, lssue 2, pp 57–168.
Von Haaren, C. Warren-Kretzschmar, B. Milos, C. Werthmann, C. (2014), Opportunities for design approaches in landscape planning, Landscape and Urban Planning, Volume 130, pp 159- 170.
Wang, S. J. and Zhai, T. J. (2013), An action research on community participation of nankan riverfront environment improvement, Journal of Diabetes Research, Volume 6, pp 21- 32.
Wodahl, E. J, (2006), The Challenges of Prisoner Reentry from a Rural Perspective, Western Criminology Review, Volume 7, Issue 2, pp 32–47.
Zhang, J. W., Piff, P. K., Iyer, R., Koleva, S., Keltner, D. (2014), an occasion for unselfing: Beautiful nature leads to prosociality, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Volume 37, pp 61- 72.
_||_