ارزیابی اثرات گردشگری خانه‌های دوم بر روی کیفیت زندگی ساکنین دائمی (مطالعه موردی: دهستان سعیدآباد، شهرستان ایجرود)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
اعظم بیگدلی
1
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی گردشگری، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران)
جمشید عینالی
2
(استادیار، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران)
علیرضا رابط
3
(استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و ترویجی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان، ایران)
فریبا عباسی
4
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران)
کلید واژه: کیفیت زندگی, گردشگری روستایی, استان زنجان, خانه‌های دوم,
چکیده مقاله :
گردشگری روستایی به عنوان یک فعالیت اجتماعی- اقتصادی می‌تواند نقش مهمی در تنوع بخشی به اقتصاد روستایی از طریق ایجاد زمینه‌های شغلی و درآمدی جدید برعهده بگیرد که همین امر نیز می‌تواند به بهبود زندگی و ارتقای کیفیت آن در جوامع روستایی کمک کند. هدف این پژوهش بررسی تاثیرات گردشگری و توسعه خانه های دوم در شاخص‌های کیفیت زندگی ساکنین دائمی در نقاط روستایی دهستان سعیدآباد از توابع شهرستان ایجرود (استان زنجان) است. نوع تحقیق کاربردی و به لحاظ ماهیت توصیفی- تحلیلی است. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از پرسش نامه استفاده شده است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آزمون‌های آماری نظیر t تک نمونه‌ای، همبستگی و رگرسیون چندمتغیره استفاده گردید. جامعه آماری تحقیق دربرگیرنده خانوارهای ساکن در روستاهای واقع در محدوده دهستان سعیدآباد است که از تعداد 818 خانوار ساکن دائمی، با استفاده از فرمول نمونه‌گیری 313 نفر از سرپرستان خانوار به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که توسعه گردشگری در یک دهه اخیر توانسته است تاثیرات مثبتی بر روی شاخص‌های کیفیت زندگی روستاییان داشته باشد. از طرفی دیگر، نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون با توجه به ضریب تعیین (924/0) نشاندهنده تاثیر مثبت توسعه گردشگری خانه‌های دوم در بهبود شاخص‌های کیفیت زندگی ساکنین در منطقه مورد مطالعه است. به طوری که، توسعه گردشگری خانه های دوم در محدوده مورد مطالعه در ابعاد کالبدی- زیرساختی (418/0) و ابعاد اقتصادی (375/0) بیشترین تاثیر مستقیم را در شاخص کیفیت زندگی از دیدگاه ساکنین محلی برجا گذاشته است. همچنین، نتیجه تحلیل مسیر نشان می دهد که توسعه گردشگری خانه های دوم به ترتیب در ابعاد اقتصادی با (716/0) و ابعاد کالبدی- زیرساختی با (640/0) بیشترین تاثیر را در کیفیت زندگی ساکنین داشته است.
Rural tourism as a socio-economic activity can play an important role in diversification of rural economy by creating job and income opportunities; this can also help to improve and enhance the quality of life in rural communities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of second houses tourism on life quality of permanent residents in rural areas of Saidabad County in Ijrud Township (Zanjan Province). In this applied research we have used descriptive- analytical methods. For data collection, field techniques such as questionnaire and interview were used. For data analyzing, statistical tests such as one sample t-test, correlation and multiple variable regression were used. The sample includes villages in Saidabad County and from the total number of 818 households, 216 cases were chosen by using Cochran formula. The results of study show that tourism developments in the last decade have had positive impacts on the criteria of life quality in rural areas. On the other hand, results of regression analysis, according to R square coefficient (0.924), indicate the positive effect of second houses tourism development on improving the residents' life quality indicators in the study area; so that among the impacts of developing second houses tourism on life quality, economic (0.450) and physical- infrastructural (0.349) aspects respectively have had the most direct impact on life quality index from the viewpoints of local residents; and also the result of path analysis shows that second houses tourism development has had the greatest impact on residents' life quality in economic (0.716) and physical- infrastructural (0.640) dimensions respectively.
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Anabestani, A., & Khosh Chehreh, M. (2016). Examine the social consequences caused by the presence of second homes tourism in rural settlements of Binalood Township. Journal of Planning geographical space, 5 (15), 109-128. (In Persian)
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Bahrami, R. (2016). Analysis of the role of tourism and its effects on the development of rural settlements: Case study: Marivan Township. Human Settlements Planning Studies, 11 (34), 101-113. (In Persian)
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Drăgulănescu, I. V., & Druţu, M. (2012). Rural tourism for local economic development. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting. Finance and Management Sciences. 2 (1), 196-203.
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Firouznia, Q., Roknedin Eftekhari, A. R., & Valikhani, M. (2012). The consequences of Villa constraction (second homes) in rural areas: Tarroud County in Damavand Township, GEOGRAPHY, 9 (31), 149-170. (In Persian)
Ghaffari, G., Mirzaei, H. & Karimi, A. (2011). The relationship between industry and quality of life: Qorveh Township rural areas. Journal of Rural Development, 3 (1), 1-22. (In Persian)
Giap, T. K., Gopalan, S., & Ye, Y. (2016). Drivers of Growth in the Travel and Tourism Industry in Malaysia: A Geweke Causality Analysis. Economies, 4 (1), 3.
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Jafari, H., & Hatami Shah Khali, S.M. (2016). The role of tourism in physical- functional changes in rural settlements: Case study: villages of Central District- Lahidjan Township. Journal of Regional Planning, 3 (23), 191-200. (In Persian)
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Kazana, V., & Kazaklis, A. (2009). Exploring quality of life concerns in the context of sustainable rural development at the local level: a Greek case study. Regional Environmental Change. 9 (3), 209-219.
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Liliana, P., Amalia, B., & Mirela, M. (2014). Can Rural Tourism Foster Local Development? Perspectives on the Future of Rural Tourism in Romania. Journal of Tourism Challenges and Trends. 7 (1), 69-88.
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_||_Anabestani, A., & Romiani, A. (2016). The effects of second home tourism in the development of rural communities: Case Study: Kameshgan and Changoreh villages- Avaj Township. Human Settlements Planning Studies, 10 (30), 13-28. (In Persian)
Anabestani, A., & Khosh Chehreh, M. (2016). Examine the social consequences caused by the presence of second homes tourism in rural settlements of Binalood Township. Journal of Planning geographical space, 5 (15), 109-128. (In Persian)
Anabestani, A., Amar, T. & Kaviani, S. (2017). The impact of second homes architectural style on the rural settlements physical development. Human Settlements Planning Studies, 11 (34), 33-55. (In Persian)
Anbari, M. (2010). The survey of life quality changes in Iran (1987-2006). Journal of Rural Development, 1 (2), 149-181. (In Persian)
Ashley, C., De Brine, P., Lehr, A., & Wilde, H. (2007). The role of the tourism sector in expanding economic opportunity. Cambridge: John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.
Aylward, E., & Kelliher, F. (2009). Rural tourism development: proposing an integrated model of rural stakeholder network relationships.
Bahrami, R. (2016). Analysis of the role of tourism and its effects on the development of rural settlements: Case study: Marivan Township. Human Settlements Planning Studies, 11 (34), 101-113. (In Persian)
Bartlett, W., Cipusheva, H., Nikolov, M., & Shukarov, M. (2010). The quality of life and regional development in FYR Macedonia. Croatian Economic Survey, (12), 121-162.
Cagliero, R., Cristiano, S., Pierangeli, F., & Tarangioli, S. (2011). Evaluating the Improvement of Quality of Life in Rural Areas. In 122nd EAAE Seminar “Evidencebased agricultural and rural policy making: methodological and empirical challenges of policy evaluation (pp. 17-18).
Cawley, M., & Gillmor, D. A. (2016). ‘Culture Economy’, ‘Integrated Tourism’ and ‘Sustainable Rural Development’: Evidence from Western Ireland. Perspectives on Rural Policy and Planning, 145.
Drăgulănescu, I. V., & Druţu, M. (2012). Rural tourism for local economic development. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting. Finance and Management Sciences. 2 (1), 196-203.
Dykes, S., & Walmsley, A. (2015). The Reluctant Tourist? An Exploration of Second Home Owners’ Perceptions of Their Impacts on North Cornwall, UK. European Journal of Tourism Hospitality and Recreation. 6 (2), 95-116.
Einali, J., & Romiani, A. (2016). Analysis of the effects of second homes tourism in rural areas Case Study: Hesar-e-Valiasr, Buin Zahra Township. Journal of geographical space, 49 (1), 115-136. (In Persian)
Einali, J., Farahani, H. & Romiani, A. (2014). The assessment of the role of social capital in rural tourism development with an emphasis on second homes tourism, Case Study: Hesar-e-Valiasr, Buin Zahra Township. Tourism Planning and Development, 2 (3), 49-69. (In Persian)
Elisabete, F., Raschi, A. (2013). Trekking out of the crisis: is there a role for rural tourism, working group number: 17. XXV ESRS Congeress, Florence, 29.Available at: http://www.florenceesrs2013.com(In Persian)
Festus, I. A., & Omoboye, I. F. (2015), Opportunities Entrepreneurship and Implications for Rural Business Development. American Journal of Tourism Management. 4 (1), 18-25. DOI: 10.5923/j.tourism. 20150401.03.
Firouznia, Q., Roknedin Eftekhari, A. R., & Valikhani, M. (2012). The consequences of Villa constraction (second homes) in rural areas: Tarroud County in Damavand Township, GEOGRAPHY, 9 (31), 149-170. (In Persian)
Ghaffari, G., Mirzaei, H. & Karimi, A. (2011). The relationship between industry and quality of life: Qorveh Township rural areas. Journal of Rural Development, 3 (1), 1-22. (In Persian)
Giap, T. K., Gopalan, S., & Ye, Y. (2016). Drivers of Growth in the Travel and Tourism Industry in Malaysia: A Geweke Causality Analysis. Economies, 4 (1), 3.
Gjorgievski, M., & Nakovski, D. (2012). Tourism-the Basis for Local Development of Rural Spaces in Maleshevo Region (Maleshevo Mountains). Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning. 177.
Grieve, J., & Weinspach, U. (2011, February). Capturing impacts of Leader and of measures to improve Quality of Life in rural areas. In 122nd EAAE seminar" Evidence-based agricultural and rural policy making: methodological and empirical challenges of policy evaluation", Ancona.
Hall, C.M., & Müller, D.K. (2004). Tourism, Mobility And Second Homes: Between Elite Landscape And Common Ground (Clevedon: Channel View Publications). Management, 8, 409-422.
Hall, C. M., & Page, S. J. (2014). The geography of tourism and recreation: Environment, place and space. Routledge.
Harirchi, A. M., Mirzaee, K., Jahromy, A., & Makani, A. (2010). How the quality of life of citizens of the new Pardis City. Social Research, 2 (4), 89-110. (In Persian)
Holoviak, P. A. (2012). An Evaluation of Strategies and Finances of the Rural Tourism Industry. The Center for Rural Pennsylvania, a legislative agency of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, April. http://www.rural.palegislature.us/documents/reports/Evaluation_Rural_Tourism_Industry.pdf
Ionela, G. P., Constantin, B. M., & Dogaru, L. D. (2015). Advantages and limits for tourism development in rural area (Case Study Ampoi and Mureş Valleys). Procedia Economics and Finance. 32, 1050-1059.
Jafari, H., & Hatami Shah Khali, S.M. (2016). The role of tourism in physical- functional changes in rural settlements: Case study: villages of Central District- Lahidjan Township. Journal of Regional Planning, 3 (23), 191-200. (In Persian)
Janoschka, M., & Haas, H. (2013). Contested spatialities, lifestyle migration and residential tourism (Vol. 41). Routledge.
Joppe, M., Brooker, E., & Thomas, K. (2014). Drivers of innovation in rural tourism: The role of good governance and engaged entrepreneurs. The Journal of Rural and Community Development, 9 (4), 49-63.
Kazana, V., & Kazaklis, A. (2009). Exploring quality of life concerns in the context of sustainable rural development at the local level: a Greek case study. Regional Environmental Change. 9 (3), 209-219.
Khoshfar, G., Abdollahpour, M., & Karimzadeh, S. (2011). The survey of the second homes on social capital: Case Study: Lireh-sar and Siavarz villages in Tonkabon Township. Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 1 (2), 131-152. (In Persian)
Kropinova, E. (2012). Agro-and Rural Tourism in the Baltic Sea region A Growing Sector. Ecosystem Health and Sustainable Agriculture, Book, 3, 130-140.
Liliana, P., Amalia, B., & Mirela, M. (2014). Can Rural Tourism Foster Local Development? Perspectives on the Future of Rural Tourism in Romania. Journal of Tourism Challenges and Trends. 7 (1), 69-88.
Mojica, M. N., Gebremedhin, T. G., & Schaeffer, P. V. (2011). Valuing community attributes in rural counties of West Virginia using data envelopment analysis. Journal of Rural and Community Development, 5 (3).
MPO. (2015). Statistical Yearbook of Zanjan Province, Management and Planning Organization of Zanjan province Department of Statistics and Information.
Müller, D.K., Hall, C.M., & Keen, D. (2004). Second Home Tourism Impact, Planning and Management. In C.M. Hall, and D.K. Müller (Eds.) Tourism, Mobility and Second Homes: Between Elite Landscape and Common Ground, pp. 15-32. Clevedon: Channel View.
Nagaraju, L. G., & Chandrashekara, B. (2014). Rural Tourism and Rural Development in India. International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies (IJIMS), l (6), 42-48.
Nordin, U., & Marjavaara, R. (2012). The local non-locals: Second home owner’s associational engagement in Sweden. Turizam: znanstveno-stručni časopis. 60 (3), 293-305.
Obonyo, G. O., & Onyango Fwaya, E. V. (2012). Integrating Tourism with Rural Development Strategies in Western Kenya. American Journal of Tourism Research. 1 (1), 1-8.
O’Halloran, R. M. (2017). Sustainable tourism in the global south: communities. environments and management.
Petersen, L. A. (2010). An Examination of Integrated Rural Tourism Development in the Goris Region of Armenia. All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. Paper 607.
Rahman, T., Mittelhammer, R. C., & Wandschneider, P. R. (2011). Measuring quality of life across countries: A multiple indicators and multiple causes approach. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 40 (1), 43-52.
Ramjit, M. (2015). Sustainable regional development through rural tourism in Jammu and Kashmir, African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 4 (2). ISSN: 2223-814X. http//: www.ajhtl.com
Ramazanzadeh Lasboee, M. (2015). Second home tourism and socio-cultural development with an emphasis on social exchange theory: Case Study: Dohezar County- Tonkabon Township. Strategy Development Publication, 46, 14-170. (In Persian)
Rana, A. M., Wahlin, Å., Lundborg, C. S., & Kabir, Z. N. (2009). Impact of health education on health-related quality of life among elderly persons: results from a community-based intervention study in rural Bangladesh. Health Promotion International.
Rezvani, M. R. (2011). Development of rural tourism with sustainable tourism approach. Tehran: Tehran University Press. (In Persian)
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