ارزیابی مؤلفه‌های نظریه (CPTED) در پیشگیری از جرم (مطالعه موردی: مجتمع‌های مسکونی ابریشم، پردیسان و کاکتوس شهر رشت)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
سید فرگل حسینی دیوشلی
1
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه معماری، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، رشت، ایران)
امیررضا کریمی آذری
2
(استادیار، دانشکده معماری و هنر، گروه معماری، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران)
کلید واژه: جرم, شهر رشت, پیشگیری, (CPTED), مجتمع‌های مسکونی,
چکیده مقاله :
این مقاله ارزیابی مؤلفه های کالبدی نظریه (CPTED) به منظور پیشگیری از جرم را در مجتمع های مسکونی شهر رشت (ابریشم، پردیسان و کاکتوس) مورد مطالعه قرار می دهد. در این پژوهش از روش های تحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی و روش کمی به کمک پرسش نامه و شیوه های تحقیقی مرور متون و منابع مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. انجام تحقیقات میدانی، دیگر شیوه مورد استفاده در این پژوهش است. برای انجام تجزیه و تحلیل های آماری نیز از نرم افزار آماریSPSSو آزمون فریدمن و تحلیل واریانس استفاده شده است. با توجه به نامحدود بودن جامعه، تعداد حجم نمونه نیز براساس فرمول حجم بهینه کوکران، برابر با 384 نفر به دست آمد و در نهایت، پرسش نامه با 36 سؤال اصلی بین 390 نمونه اجرا شد. یافته های به عمل آمده حاکی از آن است که راهبردهای نگرش پیشگیری از جرم از طریق طراحی محیطی (CPTED) مانند قلمروبندی، نظارت، کنترل ورودی و دسترسی ها و کیفیت محیطی، به ترتیب با ضرایب 464/0، 533/0، 561/0، 402/0و سطح معناداری کمتر از 05/0 همبستگی مستقیم با پیش گیری از جرم دارند. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده پیشنهاد می شود که به راهکارهایی از قبیل تفکیک عرصه های عمومی، نیمه عمومی، نیمه خصوصی و خصوصی؛ طراحی نمای اصلی خانه ها رو به خیابان و عرصه های عمومی؛ تعریف ورودی مشخص و متمایز برای مجتمع مسکونی؛ طراحی منظر مجموعه و استفاده از مبلمان شهری مناسب و زیبا در طراحی معماری توجه ویژه شود تا میزان جرایم در مجتمع های مسکونی کاهش یابند.
This paper studies the assessment of CPTED’s mold components in order to enhance the security in the Rasht’s residential complexes (Abrisham, Pardisan, and Kaktoos) and reduce the crime in there. In this study, the descriptive-analytic research methods, a questionnaire-based quantitative method, and literature review has been used. Moreover, the field-researches method is another approach that has been used in this study. On the other hand, the software SPSS, Friedman test, and variance analyses have been used for statistical analysis. According to the infinity of the society, the sample size was calculated based on Cochran’s optimal size formula and the result was 384 people. Finally, the main questionnaire with 36 questions was provided for 390 people. The results show that the strategies of Crime Prevention through Environmental Designs (CPTDE) such as territory-definition, monitoring, entry and access controls, and environmental quality earned coefficients of 0.464, 0.533, 0.561, and 0.402 respectively and with meaningful level less than 0.05, have a direct correlation with crime prevention. Based on these results, it is recommended to attention the solutions such as breakdown of public, Semipublic, Semi-private and private areas; Designing the main facade of the houses facing the street and public areas; the definition of distinctive entrance to the residential complex; landscape design of complex and using appropriate and beautiful urban furniture, in the architectural design. Also quality of environmental neighborhood, in urban planning and architectural is considered in order to reduce the crime rate of residential complexes.
Ahmadi, S., Adeli, A., & Amiri, R. (2012). An Investigation of the Relationship between Feeling of Disorder and Feeling of Insecurity among Citizens of Yasouj. Journal of Security and social order Strategic studies, 1 (3), 63-80.(In Persian)
Asgari Tafresh, H., Adibzadeh, B., Rafieian, M., & Hoseini, S.E. (2010). Study of factors affecting the urban fabric renewal in order to increase local security (Case Study: old texture of Nematabad neighborhood District 19 of Tehran). Journal of hoviatshahr, 4 (6), 39-50.(In Persian)
Berari, S. (2013). The Investigation of Theft-prone Hot Spots in the City of Rasht in 2013. Disciplinary Knowelrdge Quarterly of Guilan, 2 (5), 97-119.(In Persian)
Ceccato, V., & Lukyte, N. (2011). Safety and sustainability in a city in transition: the case of Vilnius, Lithuania. Cities, 28 (1), 83-94.
Crowe, T. D. (2000). Crime prevention through environmental design: Applications of architectural design and space management concepts. Butterworth-Heinemann.
Ebadi nejad, S.A., & bahoosh, M. (2013). Study of environmental factors that influence home theft prevention. Journal of Social Regulation, 4 (3), 105-125.(In Persian)
Ghaed Rahmati, S., & Shamsi, R. (2014). Investigation of Environmental Design Indicators in Crime Prevention (Case Study: Yazd Business Centers). Journal of hoviatshahr, 7 (16), 63-70.(In Persian)
Ghaffari, A., Nematimehr, M., & Abdi. S. (2014). Evolution of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 32 (144), 3-16.(In Persian)
Ghalibaf, M.B., Ansarizadeh, S., & Parhiz, F. (2010). Analyzing the role of hot spots of crime in the city. Monthly magazine municipalities, 11 (100), 22-32. (In Persian)
Ghorchbeygi, M. (2010). Role of CPTED and reducing the cost of crime in urban public spaces. Prevention of crime Quarterly, 5 (15), 81-144.(In Persian)
Habibzadeh, M.J., Sharifi, M., & Sadeghi, Y. (2012). CPTED theory analysis of the effectiveness of strategies to reduce crime; the study important fields in Tehran. Prevention of crime quarterly, (23), 125-158.(In Persian)
Heydari, G., Kargar, B., Manafi, S., & Khorasanian, M. (2011). Prevention of crime through environmental design (Case Study: Zanjan). Quarterly new approaches in human geography, 4 (1), 11-27.(In Persian)
Heydarpoor Shadhi, M., & Amoozadeh Lyshaie, A. (2015, February). Provide a model for crime prevention and reduction of environmental crimes in the residential neighborhood approach to environmental design (CPTED). First National Conference on Urban Planning Urban Management and Sustainable Development, Thursday, February 26.(In Persian)
Jalaladdini, S., & Oktay, D. (2012). Urban public spaces and vitality: a socio-spatial analysis in the streets of Cypriot towns. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35, 664-674.
Kalantari, M., Hetdarian, M., & Mohamadi, A. (2010). Urban Areas immunization against delinquency, crime prevention strategies using environmental design. Disciplinary Knowledge Disciplinary, 12 (3), 51-74.(In Persian)
Kelark, R., & Jaefarian, M.H. (2008). Theory of Prevention of crime through environmental design. Journal of Management Studies Law, 3 (3), 344-356.(In Persian)
Mahdavinia, M., Mamaghani, N. S., & Goudarzi, S. (2014). Review of environmental paradigms in residential complexes: A case study in Ekbatan Complex. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 3(4 (s)), 7.
Mahmoodi Janaki, F., & Ghorchi Baigi, M. (2010). ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AND CRIME PREVENTION. Journal of Law Quarterly, 39 (2), 345-367.(In Persian)
Marzbali, M. H., Abdullah, A., Razak, N. A., & Tilaki, M. J. M. (2012). Validating crime prevention through environmental design construct through checklist using structural equation modelling. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 40 (2), 82-99.
Mohseni Tabrizi, A., Gharamani, S., & Yahak, S. (2012). Indefensible urban spaces and violence (Study on indefensible urban spaces of Tehran city). Journal of Applied Socialogy, 22 (4), 51-70.(In Persian)
Mosavi Bayegi, S.A. (2013). Prevention of crime through environmental design street parking. Prevention of crime Quarterly, 8 (27), 85-108.(In Persian)
Mostofi Mamaleki, R., & Bahrami, F. (2014). Study of environmental prevention strategies using CPTED approach. Police Knowledge Khorasan Razavi Quarterly, 6 (24), 91-134.(In Persian)
Nayebi, H., Sedigh Sarvestani, R., & Ghahremani, S. (2011). The role of urban spaces defenseless violent behavior. Disciplinary Knowledge Quarterly, 13 (1), 199-231.(In Persian)
Pourjafar, M., Mahmodinegad, H., Rafieian, M., & Ansari, M. (2008). PROMOTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY AND REDUCTION OF URBAN CRIMES WITH EMPHASIS ON CPTED APPROACH. International Journal of Industrial Engineering & Production Management, 19 (6), 73-82.(In Persian)
Pourmusavi, M., zanganeh shahraki, S., Ahmadifard, N., & Abdi, N. (2011). The Effect of High Rise Buildings on Urban Crimes (Case Study: 22 Zones of Tehran). Human Geography Research Quarterly, 43 (77), 61-73.(In Persian)
Rezaeemoghadam, A., Arezoo, H., Yousefpoor, V., & Ebadi, M. (2012, May). The place of design in creating a sense of security in residential complex. 4th Urban Planning and Management Conference, 10&11 May, Mashhad, Iran.(In Persian)
Sakip, S. R. M., Johari, N., & Salleh, M. N. M. (2012). The relationship between crime prevention through environmental design and fear of crime. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 68, 628-636.
Salehi, E. (2008). Environmental characteristics a safe urban space. Tehran: Department of Housing and Urban Development, Center for the Study and Research of Urban Planning and Architecture.(In Persian)
Schneider, R. & Kitchen, T. (2008). Planning (Urban) for crime prevention. (F. Sojudi, Trans), Tehran: The Institute for Security Studies Naja- law.
Zabetian, E., Bemanian, M.R., & Rafieian, M. (2010). The pattern of land use planning affecting urban areas increase the safety of women (Case study: the central part of Tehran). Social Sciences, 17 (48), 107-148.(In Persian)
Zarghami, E. (2011). The social sustainblity principals of residential complexes in the Iranian – Islamic cities. Journal of studies on Iranian – Islamic cities, 1 (2), 103-115.(In Persian)
_||_Ahmadi, S., Adeli, A., & Amiri, R. (2012). An Investigation of the Relationship between Feeling of Disorder and Feeling of Insecurity among Citizens of Yasouj. Journal of Security and social order Strategic studies, 1 (3), 63-80.(In Persian)
Asgari Tafresh, H., Adibzadeh, B., Rafieian, M., & Hoseini, S.E. (2010). Study of factors affecting the urban fabric renewal in order to increase local security (Case Study: old texture of Nematabad neighborhood District 19 of Tehran). Journal of hoviatshahr, 4 (6), 39-50.(In Persian)
Berari, S. (2013). The Investigation of Theft-prone Hot Spots in the City of Rasht in 2013. Disciplinary Knowelrdge Quarterly of Guilan, 2 (5), 97-119.(In Persian)
Ceccato, V., & Lukyte, N. (2011). Safety and sustainability in a city in transition: the case of Vilnius, Lithuania. Cities, 28 (1), 83-94.
Crowe, T. D. (2000). Crime prevention through environmental design: Applications of architectural design and space management concepts. Butterworth-Heinemann.
Ebadi nejad, S.A., & bahoosh, M. (2013). Study of environmental factors that influence home theft prevention. Journal of Social Regulation, 4 (3), 105-125.(In Persian)
Ghaed Rahmati, S., & Shamsi, R. (2014). Investigation of Environmental Design Indicators in Crime Prevention (Case Study: Yazd Business Centers). Journal of hoviatshahr, 7 (16), 63-70.(In Persian)
Ghaffari, A., Nematimehr, M., & Abdi. S. (2014). Evolution of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 32 (144), 3-16.(In Persian)
Ghalibaf, M.B., Ansarizadeh, S., & Parhiz, F. (2010). Analyzing the role of hot spots of crime in the city. Monthly magazine municipalities, 11 (100), 22-32. (In Persian)
Ghorchbeygi, M. (2010). Role of CPTED and reducing the cost of crime in urban public spaces. Prevention of crime Quarterly, 5 (15), 81-144.(In Persian)
Habibzadeh, M.J., Sharifi, M., & Sadeghi, Y. (2012). CPTED theory analysis of the effectiveness of strategies to reduce crime; the study important fields in Tehran. Prevention of crime quarterly, (23), 125-158.(In Persian)
Heydari, G., Kargar, B., Manafi, S., & Khorasanian, M. (2011). Prevention of crime through environmental design (Case Study: Zanjan). Quarterly new approaches in human geography, 4 (1), 11-27.(In Persian)
Heydarpoor Shadhi, M., & Amoozadeh Lyshaie, A. (2015, February). Provide a model for crime prevention and reduction of environmental crimes in the residential neighborhood approach to environmental design (CPTED). First National Conference on Urban Planning Urban Management and Sustainable Development, Thursday, February 26.(In Persian)
Jalaladdini, S., & Oktay, D. (2012). Urban public spaces and vitality: a socio-spatial analysis in the streets of Cypriot towns. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35, 664-674.
Kalantari, M., Hetdarian, M., & Mohamadi, A. (2010). Urban Areas immunization against delinquency, crime prevention strategies using environmental design. Disciplinary Knowledge Disciplinary, 12 (3), 51-74.(In Persian)
Kelark, R., & Jaefarian, M.H. (2008). Theory of Prevention of crime through environmental design. Journal of Management Studies Law, 3 (3), 344-356.(In Persian)
Mahdavinia, M., Mamaghani, N. S., & Goudarzi, S. (2014). Review of environmental paradigms in residential complexes: A case study in Ekbatan Complex. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 3(4 (s)), 7.
Mahmoodi Janaki, F., & Ghorchi Baigi, M. (2010). ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AND CRIME PREVENTION. Journal of Law Quarterly, 39 (2), 345-367.(In Persian)
Marzbali, M. H., Abdullah, A., Razak, N. A., & Tilaki, M. J. M. (2012). Validating crime prevention through environmental design construct through checklist using structural equation modelling. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 40 (2), 82-99.
Mohseni Tabrizi, A., Gharamani, S., & Yahak, S. (2012). Indefensible urban spaces and violence (Study on indefensible urban spaces of Tehran city). Journal of Applied Socialogy, 22 (4), 51-70.(In Persian)
Mosavi Bayegi, S.A. (2013). Prevention of crime through environmental design street parking. Prevention of crime Quarterly, 8 (27), 85-108.(In Persian)
Mostofi Mamaleki, R., & Bahrami, F. (2014). Study of environmental prevention strategies using CPTED approach. Police Knowledge Khorasan Razavi Quarterly, 6 (24), 91-134.(In Persian)
Nayebi, H., Sedigh Sarvestani, R., & Ghahremani, S. (2011). The role of urban spaces defenseless violent behavior. Disciplinary Knowledge Quarterly, 13 (1), 199-231.(In Persian)
Pourjafar, M., Mahmodinegad, H., Rafieian, M., & Ansari, M. (2008). PROMOTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY AND REDUCTION OF URBAN CRIMES WITH EMPHASIS ON CPTED APPROACH. International Journal of Industrial Engineering & Production Management, 19 (6), 73-82.(In Persian)
Pourmusavi, M., zanganeh shahraki, S., Ahmadifard, N., & Abdi, N. (2011). The Effect of High Rise Buildings on Urban Crimes (Case Study: 22 Zones of Tehran). Human Geography Research Quarterly, 43 (77), 61-73.(In Persian)
Rezaeemoghadam, A., Arezoo, H., Yousefpoor, V., & Ebadi, M. (2012, May). The place of design in creating a sense of security in residential complex. 4th Urban Planning and Management Conference, 10&11 May, Mashhad, Iran.(In Persian)
Sakip, S. R. M., Johari, N., & Salleh, M. N. M. (2012). The relationship between crime prevention through environmental design and fear of crime. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 68, 628-636.
Salehi, E. (2008). Environmental characteristics a safe urban space. Tehran: Department of Housing and Urban Development, Center for the Study and Research of Urban Planning and Architecture.(In Persian)
Schneider, R. & Kitchen, T. (2008). Planning (Urban) for crime prevention. (F. Sojudi, Trans), Tehran: The Institute for Security Studies Naja- law.
Zabetian, E., Bemanian, M.R., & Rafieian, M. (2010). The pattern of land use planning affecting urban areas increase the safety of women (Case study: the central part of Tehran). Social Sciences, 17 (48), 107-148.(In Persian)
Zarghami, E. (2011). The social sustainblity principals of residential complexes in the Iranian – Islamic cities. Journal of studies on Iranian – Islamic cities, 1 (2), 103-115.(In Persian)
