ارزیابی کیفیت زندگی در نواحی مسکونی پرتراکم شهری (مطالعه موردی: شهرک رزمندگان شهر یزد)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
مهدی منتظرالحجه
1
(استادیار، گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران)
زهرا فتوحی
2
(کارشناس ارشد طراحی شهری/دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد یزد)
کلید واژه: کیفیت زندگی, تحلیل عاملی, رگرسیون خطی, شهر یزد, شهرک رزمندگان,
چکیده مقاله :
در طول چند دهه اخیر عواملی چون توسعه بی‌رویه شهرنشینی، مهاجرت و افزایش جمعیت موجب دگرگونی‌هایی در ساختار زندگی شهری و به وجود آمدن بافت‌های با تراکم‌های جمعیتی و ساختمانی بالایی در کشور شده است. اما در بسیاری از موارد عدم توجه به شرایط ایجاد کیفیت‌های سکونتی در این بافت‌ها زمینه زوال زندگی در این محدوده‌ها به وجود آمده است. حال آن‌که کیفیت زندگی خود ارتباطی متقابل با توسعه دارد، به‌نحوی‌که تمامی تلاش‌های توسعه در ابعاد مختلف آن، همانا بهبود بخشیدن به کیفیت زندگی است. این پژوهش باهدف ارزیابی و رتبه‌بندی شاخص‌های کیفیت زندگی بر اساس مطالعات پیشین، به بررسی شهرک رزمندگان شهر یزد به‌عنوان منطقه‌ای با تراکم ساختمانی بالا و ساختمان‌های مسکونی بلندمرتبه که جزئی از توسعه‌های معاصر شهر هست، می‌پردازد. روش تحقیق این پژوهش توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده و گردآوری اطلاعات از طریق روش‌های کتابخانه‌ای، پرسشنامه و مشاهدات میدانی است. روش نمونه‌گیری به‌صورت تصادفی ساده بوده و جامعه هدف ساکنین محدوده انتخاب شده است. حجم نمونه 163 نفر و پایایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ و روایی آن از طریق آزمون بارتلت و شاخص KMO در سطح بالایی مورد تائید قرار گرفت. علاوه بر این، اطلاعات به دست آمده از پرسشنامه با استفاده از آزمونT، تحلیل همبستگی، رگرسیون ساده و تحلیل عاملی تحلیل شد. یافته‌های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که معیارهای مشارکت اجتماعی، احساس تعلق به شهر و محله، احساس هویت در محله، و اتحاد و انسجام بین ساکنین دارای بیشترین ضرورت و در اولویت رسیدگی به‌منظور ارتقاء کیفیت زندگی قرار گرفته‌اند.
According to the final priorities of the residents’ dissatisfaction of assessed index, some suggestions for improving the quality of life in the studied area are provided. This study was also proposed to evaluate the new fabrics performance in order to have development in urban management. Accordingly, for the planning strategies to be developed for the sustainable development of the urban areas, strategies and policies aiming to improve the urban quality of life should be handled in a comprehensive plan together with the strategies and policies for economic, social and environmental development of the city. In the end, strategies for improving the quality of life based on priorities to address are presented. Some of the strategies include: using residents and promoting their participation in needs assessment, decision-making, implementation of local programs, planning to increase social interaction, using the capacities of local communities to participate in matters that directly and indirectly affects their quality of life, creating an atmosphere of trust between residents and authorities through an ongoing relationship with the city council and municipal officials, creating fund and support institutions and attract investment, increasing social control and creating designed environments to fit children, orientation towards the transformation of economic development programs and resolve the problem of unemployment and creating new job opportunities, strengthening behavioral domains by creating diversity in activities that enhance the working hours in the area.
Abaszadeh, S., Tamari, S. (2012). Investigating and Analyzing the Effective Factors on the Improvement of the Spatial Qualities of the Pedestrians in order to Increase the Level of Social Interactions, Case Study; Educational Axes of Vali-e-Asr Tabriz. Journal of Urban Studies, 4, 104-95. (In Persian)
Amini, M. (2006). Indicators of Citizenship Quality of Life and the Role and Duties of Government. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 7th International Conference of Quality Managers, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Andrews, F. M. (1974). Social Indicators of Perceived Life Quality. Social Indicators Research, 1 (3), 279-299.
Azadi, Y., Taghdisi, A., Jamshidi, A.R., & Jamini, D. (2013). Evaluation of Quality of Life in Rural areas of Ilam province (case study: Karzan rural district). Journal of Rural Research and Planning, 3, 49-71. (In Persian)
Azizi, M.M. (2002). The Role of Construction Density in Urban Development. The First Conference on Construction in Tehran, Tehran, March 21-21.
Azizi, M.M. (2016). Density in Urban Planning: Principles and Criteria for Density Determination. Tehran: University of Tehran Press. (In Persian)
Bandarabad, A., Ahmadinejad, F. (2013). Evaluation of Quality of Life Indicators with Emphasis on the Principles of Living in the 22nd District of Tehran. Journal of Urban Planning and Research, 5 (16), 55-74. (In Persian)
Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., & Rodgers, W. L. (1976). The Quality of American Life: Perceptions, Evaluations, and Satisfactions. Russell Sage Foundation.
Dadashpour, H., Roshani, S. (2013). Evaluating Interaction between the Individual and the Environment in New Neighborhoods Using Objective and Subjective Quality Assessment; Case Study: Tehran Oil Township. Journal of Urban Studies, 6, 16-3. (In Persian)
Epley, D. R., & Menon, M. (2008). A Method of Assembling Cross-sectional Indicators into a Community Quality of Life. Social Indicators Research, 88 (2), 281-296
Ewing, R. (1997). Counterpoint: is Los Angeles-style sprawl desirable? Journal of the American Planning Association, 63 (1), 107-126.
Faraji Mollaei, A. (2010). Analysis of Economic Indicators in evaluation of Quality of Life (Case Study: Babolsar City). Institute for Humanities and Social Studies Jihad. (In Persian)
Ghalibaf, M. B., Roustaei, M., Ramezanzadeh Lasbouyi, M., Taheri, M. R. (2011). Evaluation of Urban Quality of Life, Case study: Bidabad Neighborhood. Geography Quarterly, 9 (31), 33-53. (In Persian)
Givoni B. (1998). Climate considerations in building and urban design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Hataminezhad, H., Pourahmad, A., Mansourian, H., & Rajaee, A. (2013). Spatial Analysis of Quality of Life Indicators in Tehran, Human Geographic Research, 45 (4), 56-29. (In Persian)
Heidari, A. (2011). Investigation of Quality of Life Indicators in Rural Settlements of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad, Housing and Rural Environment, 30 (136), 66-51.(In Persian)
Khajeh Shahkouhi, A. R., Najafi Kani, A. A., Sharifan, S. (2014). Survey of the Quality of Life in Urban Areas; Case Study of Neyshabour City. Journal of Urban Management, 35, 120-103. (In Persian)
Kokabi, A. (2005). Planning to Improve the Quality of Urban Life in Downtown, Case Study: Khoramabad, Master’s Thesis in Urban Planning, Department of Urban Planning, Tarbiat Modares University. (In Persian)
Lotfi, S. (2009). The Concept of Urban Quality, Definitions, Dimensions and Assessment in Urban Planning. Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 1 (4), 65-80. (In Persian)
Lotfi, S., & Saberi, S. (2012). Evaluation of Urban Quality of Life Using Multi-criteria Decision Making (Case study: Yasouj City Districts). Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies, 1 (4), 45-59. (In Persian)
Mohammadi, J., Zanganeh M., & Abdoli, A. (2010). Evaluation of Quality of Life Indicators in terms of Citizens of Mashhad. Urban Management Studies, 2 (3), 205-125. (In Persian)
Mokhtari, M., Nazari, J. (2010). Sociology of Quality of Life. Tehran: Publications of Sociologists. (In Persian)
Nejat, S. (2008). Quality of Life and its Assessment. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology, 4 (2), 57-62. (In Persian)
Noqani, M., Asgharpour, A. R., Kermani, M., Safa, S. (2008). Quality of Life of Citizens and its Relationship with Social Capital in Mashhad. Journal of Social Sciences, 5 (1), 111-140. (In Persian)
Pourahmad, A., & Zarei, J. (2015). Evaluation of Quality of Life in the Area of Distressed Context, Case Study: District 9 of Tehran. Journal of Urban Planning and Research, 6 (21), 1-18. (In Persian)
Pourtaheri, M., Roknoddin Eftekhari, A. R., & Fattahi, A. (2011). Evaluation of Quality of Life in Rural Areas (Case Study: Northern Khaveh Rural District, Lorestan Province). Human Geography Research, 43 (76), 13-13. (In Persian)
Rabbani Khorasgani, A., & Kianpour, A. (2007). Proposed Model for Measuring the Quality of Life (Case Study: Isfahan City). Journal of Faculty of Literature and Humanities, 15 (58-59), 67-108. (In Persian)
Rahnama, M. (2010). Planning to Improve the Quality of Urban Life in Urban Areas (Case study: Daudiayeh District of Tehran), Master’s Thesis in Urban Planning, Department of Urban Planning, Tarbiat Modares University. (In Persian)
Rahnamei, M. T., Manouchehri Miandoab, A., & Faraji Molaei, A. (2011). Analysis of Quality of Life in the Distressed Context of Miandoab City. School Management Scientific Research, 9 (28), 223-240. (In Persian)
Rezvani, M. R., & Mansourian, H. (2008). Quality of Life Assessment: A Study of the Concepts, Indicators, Models and Proposed Model for Rural Areas. Journal of Village and Development, 11 (3), 1-26. (In Persian)
Rezvani, M. R., Mattakan, A. A., Mansourian, H., & Sattari, M. H. (2009). Development and Measurement of Indicators of Quality of Life in the City (Case Study: Noorabad Town of Lorestan). Journal of Urban and Regional Studies and Research, 1 (2), 87-110. (In Persian)
Veenhoven, R. (1994). How Satisfying Is Rural Life? Fact and Value.
Westaway, M. S. (2006). A longitudinal investigation of satisfaction with personal and environmental quality of life in an informal South African housing settlement, Doornkop, Soweto. Habitat International, 30 (1), 175-189.
_||_Abaszadeh, S., Tamari, S. (2012). Investigating and Analyzing the Effective Factors on the Improvement of the Spatial Qualities of the Pedestrians in order to Increase the Level of Social Interactions, Case Study; Educational Axes of Vali-e-Asr Tabriz. Journal of Urban Studies, 4, 104-95. (In Persian)
Amini, M. (2006). Indicators of Citizenship Quality of Life and the Role and Duties of Government. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 7th International Conference of Quality Managers, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Andrews, F. M. (1974). Social Indicators of Perceived Life Quality. Social Indicators Research, 1 (3), 279-299.
Azadi, Y., Taghdisi, A., Jamshidi, A.R., & Jamini, D. (2013). Evaluation of Quality of Life in Rural areas of Ilam province (case study: Karzan rural district). Journal of Rural Research and Planning, 3, 49-71. (In Persian)
Azizi, M.M. (2002). The Role of Construction Density in Urban Development. The First Conference on Construction in Tehran, Tehran, March 21-21.
Azizi, M.M. (2016). Density in Urban Planning: Principles and Criteria for Density Determination. Tehran: University of Tehran Press. (In Persian)
Bandarabad, A., Ahmadinejad, F. (2013). Evaluation of Quality of Life Indicators with Emphasis on the Principles of Living in the 22nd District of Tehran. Journal of Urban Planning and Research, 5 (16), 55-74. (In Persian)
Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., & Rodgers, W. L. (1976). The Quality of American Life: Perceptions, Evaluations, and Satisfactions. Russell Sage Foundation.
Dadashpour, H., Roshani, S. (2013). Evaluating Interaction between the Individual and the Environment in New Neighborhoods Using Objective and Subjective Quality Assessment; Case Study: Tehran Oil Township. Journal of Urban Studies, 6, 16-3. (In Persian)
Epley, D. R., & Menon, M. (2008). A Method of Assembling Cross-sectional Indicators into a Community Quality of Life. Social Indicators Research, 88 (2), 281-296
Ewing, R. (1997). Counterpoint: is Los Angeles-style sprawl desirable? Journal of the American Planning Association, 63 (1), 107-126.
Faraji Mollaei, A. (2010). Analysis of Economic Indicators in evaluation of Quality of Life (Case Study: Babolsar City). Institute for Humanities and Social Studies Jihad. (In Persian)
Ghalibaf, M. B., Roustaei, M., Ramezanzadeh Lasbouyi, M., Taheri, M. R. (2011). Evaluation of Urban Quality of Life, Case study: Bidabad Neighborhood. Geography Quarterly, 9 (31), 33-53. (In Persian)
Givoni B. (1998). Climate considerations in building and urban design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Hataminezhad, H., Pourahmad, A., Mansourian, H., & Rajaee, A. (2013). Spatial Analysis of Quality of Life Indicators in Tehran, Human Geographic Research, 45 (4), 56-29. (In Persian)
Heidari, A. (2011). Investigation of Quality of Life Indicators in Rural Settlements of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad, Housing and Rural Environment, 30 (136), 66-51.(In Persian)
Khajeh Shahkouhi, A. R., Najafi Kani, A. A., Sharifan, S. (2014). Survey of the Quality of Life in Urban Areas; Case Study of Neyshabour City. Journal of Urban Management, 35, 120-103. (In Persian)
Kokabi, A. (2005). Planning to Improve the Quality of Urban Life in Downtown, Case Study: Khoramabad, Master’s Thesis in Urban Planning, Department of Urban Planning, Tarbiat Modares University. (In Persian)
Lotfi, S. (2009). The Concept of Urban Quality, Definitions, Dimensions and Assessment in Urban Planning. Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 1 (4), 65-80. (In Persian)
Lotfi, S., & Saberi, S. (2012). Evaluation of Urban Quality of Life Using Multi-criteria Decision Making (Case study: Yasouj City Districts). Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies, 1 (4), 45-59. (In Persian)
Mohammadi, J., Zanganeh M., & Abdoli, A. (2010). Evaluation of Quality of Life Indicators in terms of Citizens of Mashhad. Urban Management Studies, 2 (3), 205-125. (In Persian)
Mokhtari, M., Nazari, J. (2010). Sociology of Quality of Life. Tehran: Publications of Sociologists. (In Persian)
Nejat, S. (2008). Quality of Life and its Assessment. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology, 4 (2), 57-62. (In Persian)
Noqani, M., Asgharpour, A. R., Kermani, M., Safa, S. (2008). Quality of Life of Citizens and its Relationship with Social Capital in Mashhad. Journal of Social Sciences, 5 (1), 111-140. (In Persian)
Pourahmad, A., & Zarei, J. (2015). Evaluation of Quality of Life in the Area of Distressed Context, Case Study: District 9 of Tehran. Journal of Urban Planning and Research, 6 (21), 1-18. (In Persian)
Pourtaheri, M., Roknoddin Eftekhari, A. R., & Fattahi, A. (2011). Evaluation of Quality of Life in Rural Areas (Case Study: Northern Khaveh Rural District, Lorestan Province). Human Geography Research, 43 (76), 13-13. (In Persian)
Rabbani Khorasgani, A., & Kianpour, A. (2007). Proposed Model for Measuring the Quality of Life (Case Study: Isfahan City). Journal of Faculty of Literature and Humanities, 15 (58-59), 67-108. (In Persian)
Rahnama, M. (2010). Planning to Improve the Quality of Urban Life in Urban Areas (Case study: Daudiayeh District of Tehran), Master’s Thesis in Urban Planning, Department of Urban Planning, Tarbiat Modares University. (In Persian)
Rahnamei, M. T., Manouchehri Miandoab, A., & Faraji Molaei, A. (2011). Analysis of Quality of Life in the Distressed Context of Miandoab City. School Management Scientific Research, 9 (28), 223-240. (In Persian)
Rezvani, M. R., & Mansourian, H. (2008). Quality of Life Assessment: A Study of the Concepts, Indicators, Models and Proposed Model for Rural Areas. Journal of Village and Development, 11 (3), 1-26. (In Persian)
Rezvani, M. R., Mattakan, A. A., Mansourian, H., & Sattari, M. H. (2009). Development and Measurement of Indicators of Quality of Life in the City (Case Study: Noorabad Town of Lorestan). Journal of Urban and Regional Studies and Research, 1 (2), 87-110. (In Persian)
Veenhoven, R. (1994). How Satisfying Is Rural Life? Fact and Value.
Westaway, M. S. (2006). A longitudinal investigation of satisfaction with personal and environmental quality of life in an informal South African housing settlement, Doornkop, Soweto. Habitat International, 30 (1), 175-189.
