بررسی رشد شهری و تبدیل اراضی زراعی و بایر به توده شهری (مطالعه موردی: شهر ارومیه)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
1 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: واژهگان کلیدی : "تغییرات رشد شهری", "اراضی زراعی", "مدل LCM", "شهر ارومیه",
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده رشــد ســریع شــهرها در کشــورهای در حــال توســعه که اغلب با پراکندهرویی همراه است، امروزه بــه یــک مســئله جــدی تبــدیل شـده اسـت. دستاندازی به اراضی زراعی و از بین بردن اکوسیستم طبیعی پیرامون شهرها، لزوم بـازبینی دائمـی فرآینـدهای دینامیـک شـهری بـا توجـه بـه توسـعه در گذشـته و پـیشبینـی آن در آینـده را اجتنـاب ناپـذیر نموده اسـت. هـدف پـژوهش حاضـر، بررسی تغییرات رشد شهری ارومیه و تأثیر این رشد بر اراضی زراعی و بایر است که برای نیل به هدف فوق از مــدل LCM در دوره 16 ســاله 2011-1995 بر اساس تلفیق طبقهبندی شبکه عصبی مصنوعی پرسپترون چند لایه و مدل زنجیره مارکوف با استفاده از مدلساز تغییرات زمین بوده است. از تصاویر لندست 5 مربوط به سالهای فوق جهت تهیه نقشه کاربری اراضی به روش شبکه عصبی پرسپترون چند لایه استفاده گردید. اعتبارسنجی مدل با محاسبه ضرایب کاپا (شاخص کاپای بالای 87درصد) بیانگراعتبار مدل میباشد. نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد که در بازه زمانی مورد مطالعه، تغییرات کاربری اراضی شهر ارومیه، گذار و تبدیل اراضی بایر به شهری در قسمتهای مرکزی بیشتر و تبدیل اراضی کشاورزی به شهری در اطراف شهر ملموس بوده و با شدت بیشتری به سمت غرب ( محور جاده بند) ادامه می یابد. پیشبینی رشد شهر تا افق 1404 نشان میدهد که نسبت به سال 1390، 3208 هکتار به اراضی ساخته شده افزوده و در مجموع 3810 هکتار از اراضی کشاورزی و باغات کاسته شده که بخشی از آن به اراضی بایر تبدیل خواهد شد.
AbstractThe rapid growth of cities in developing countries, which is often dispersed, has become a major issue today. Moving to agricultural lands and destroying the natural ecosystem around the cities has necessitated a permanent review of the dynamics of the city in the light of past development and its future prediction inevitable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the orumieh urban growth changes and the effect of this growth on open and agricultural lands. In order to achieve this goal, the LCM model for the 16-year period 1995-2011 was based on the integration of the artificial neural network classification of multilayer perceptron and the Markov chain model using the survey of land-change. The Landsat 5 images of these years were used to prepare land use map using multi-layer perceptron neural network. Validation of the model by calculation of Kappa coefficients (Kappa index above 87%) is model's reliability. The results of this study indicate that the land use changes in the orumieh city, the transition and conversion of open land to Urban land is more in central parts and the conversion of agricultural land to urban areas, around the city is tangible and more intense towards the west (Band axis) continues. The forecast of the city's growth up to 1404 indicates that, as compared to 2011, 3208 hectares have been added to the lands and a total of 3810 hectares of agricultural land and gardens have been reduced and part of this will be converted into open lands.
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