The Disparity in the Germination Time of Argan Nuts (Argania spinosa L. Skeels) on the Growth of Their Seedlings in Nurseries
محورهای موضوعی : Plant Physiology
Kaddour MAAMAR KOUADRI
1
,
Aida SAIFOUNI
2
,
Kenza BOUBETRA
3
,
Aissa MIHOUBI
4
1 - National Forest of Research Institute, Algiers, Algeria
2 - National Forest of Research Institute, Algiers, Algeria
3 - National Forest of Research Institute, Algiers, Algeria
4 - National Forest of Research Institute, Algiers, Algeria
کلید واژه: Argan tree, pre-treatment, plants, breeding, nursery,
چکیده مقاله :
The disadvantages encoutered for the multiplication of the Argan tree are the embryonic and integumentary dormancy, which directly affects the rate and the delay of germination, the standards of aggregation of the plants for the reforestation and in parallel on the stay time in the nursery. The study was conducted on Argan tree (Argania spinosa (L) Skeels) seedlings from two types of experimental germination of the kernels in the nursery: one pre-treatment with hot water and the second without pre-treatment (control); the aim is to see the effect of the duration of germination on the growth of the seedlings. The walnuts germinating for a short time gave plants of almost convergent height (varying from 23 to 25 cm), i.e., the average height was very representative and similar to the height of their plants (24.94 cm). On the other hand, walnuts with a long germination period produced seedlings of varying heights (ranging from 09 to 27 cm), with an average height different from their range of seedlings (17.46 cm). Regarding diameter growth, germination time did not affectyoung plants. When the germination period is short, it is possible to obtain homogeneous seedlings that meet phytotechnical standards for reforestation. According to this study, Argan seedlings should not be kept in the nursery for more than 33 weeks (08 months); otherwise, there is a risk of a poorly formed root system.
The disadvantages encoutered for the multiplication of the Argan tree are the embryonic and integumentary dormancy, which directly affects the rate and the delay of germination, the standards of aggregation of the plants for the reforestation and in parallel on the stay time in the nursery. The study was conducted on Argan tree (Argania spinosa (L) Skeels) seedlings from two types of experimental germination of the kernels in the nursery: one pre-treatment with hot water and the second without pre-treatment (control); the aim is to see the effect of the duration of germination on the growth of the seedlings. The walnuts germinating for a short time gave plants of almost convergent height (varying from 23 to 25 cm), i.e., the average height was very representative and similar to the height of their plants (24.94 cm). On the other hand, walnuts with a long germination period produced seedlings of varying heights (ranging from 09 to 27 cm), with an average height different from their range of seedlings (17.46 cm). Regarding diameter growth, germination time did not affectyoung plants. When the germination period is short, it is possible to obtain homogeneous seedlings that meet phytotechnical standards for reforestation. According to this study, Argan seedlings should not be kept in the nursery for more than 33 weeks (08 months); otherwise, there is a risk of a poorly formed root system.
Bellefontaine, R., A. Achour, C. Defaa, A. Ferradous, M. Fellmann and G. Falconne. 2011. Etude de l'enracinement d'arganiers. Actes du Premier Congrès International de l'Arganier, Agadir. 399-408.
Benaouf, Z. 2009. Essais de germination [textualresource, exceptmanuscripts]: étude physiologique et comportementale des plantules d'arganier (Argania spinosa(L.) skeels) soumis à un stress hydrique dans l'étage semi-aride ouest Algérien. Magister'sthesis, STHB. Algiers.
Berka, S. and A. Harfouche. 2001. Effets de quelques traitements physico-chimiques et de la température sur la faculté germinative de la noix d'Arganier. Rev. For. Fr. LIII (2): 125-130.
Berka, S., H. Himrane, K. Maamar Kouadri, D. Taguemoutand and F. Aid. 2019. Morphological and germination capacity of Argania spinosa's (L.) Skeels of Algeria South-West population: variability of fruit and stone morphotypes. Instituto National de Investigation y Technologia Agraria y Alimentaria O.A.M.P.(INIA). Forest Systems 28 (2), 012. 12 .
Chebouti, Y., A. Mihoubi, K. Maamar Kouadri and M. Mokadem. 2020. Agréage des plants forestiers en pépinière dans la Mitidja (Algérie). Revue Agrobiologia. 10(1): 1897-1903.
Côme, D. 1970. Les obstacles à la germination. Masson & Cie, Paris.
Ferradous, A., M. Hafidi, M. Alifriqui and A. Ouhammou. 2017. Argan (Argania spinosa) seedling production in Morocco: choice of container and substrate. Bois et forêts des tropiques, No. 334 (4) : 37-47
Kadik, B. 1978. Influence des dimensions de sachets en polyéthylène sur la croissance des jeunes plants (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) élevés en pépinière. INRAA, CNREF, Station centrale de recherche sur le reboisement et l'érosion. Domaine Mahdi Boualem, route de Baraki. Alger.
Kechairi, R. and F. Amdoun. 2016. State of map locations of the Argan tree Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels (Sapotaceae) in North-West Africa (Algeria and Western Sahara). International Journal of Environmental Studies 73 (2) : 286-293.
Kechairi, R. 2018. Etude de l'Arganeraie de Tindouf: État des lieux; contraintes et perspectives de son développement.PhD thesis in Forestry. Université Abou BekrBelkaid de Tlemcen.
Lamhamedi, M. S., Y. Ammari, B. Fecteau, J. A. Fortin and H. Margolis. 2000. Problématique des pépinières forestières en Afrique du Nord et stratégies d'orientation. Cahier d'Études et de Recherches Francophones/Agricultures, 9 (5) : 369-380.
Maamar Kouadri, K. 2004. Etude de la germination des graines d'Arganiaspinosatraités dans l'eau chaude et ordinaire, semées en pépinière. Revue fruits oubliés. France. 8 p.
Mihoubi, A. 1993. Influence of containers on the rearing of forest seedlings. Annales de la recherche forestière en Algérie: 75-84.
Miloudi, A. 2006. Les réponses physiologiques et biochimiques de l'arganier (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels) aux facteurs abiotiques naturels. Doctoral thesis, Institute of Biology, University of Oran (Es-Sénia), 100 p.
M'hirit, O., M. Benzyane, F. Benchekroun, S.M. El Yousfi and M. Bendaanoun. 1998. L'Arganier, une espèce fruitière-forestière à multiples usages, Mardaga, Sprimont, Belgium, 145 p.
Nouaim, R. 1991. La biologie de l'Arganier. Colloque International. L'Arganier, recherches et perspectives, Agadir (Morocco), 11-15.
Nouaim, R. and R. Chaussod. 1993. Argan (Argania spinosa (L) Skeels). The flamboyant, newsletter network members, tropical trees 27: 50-64.
Nouaim, R. 1994. Ecologie microbienne des sols d'Arganeraies: activités microbiologiques des sols et rôle des endomycorhizes dans la croissance et la nutrition de l'Arganier (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels). PhD thesis, 193 p.
Riedacker, A. 1978. Etude de la déviation des racines horizontales ou obliques issues de boutures de peuplier qui rencontrent un obstacle: applications pour la conception de conteneurs. Ann. Sc. Forest, 35 (1), 1-18
Ould Safi, M., R. Kechairi and B. Benmahioul. 2015. Situation sanitaire de l'Arganeraie de Tindouf (Algérie): Rôle des termites et champignons associés. Uniquefeature: "Innovation in Mediterraneanforests" Forêt Méditerranéenne, 36(3): 311-318.
